Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors associated with IPIs among school children at Jawi Primary School in Jawi, Ethiopia, 2016/17
| Risk factors | IPIs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categories | Total Nn. (%) | Negative No.(%) | Positive No.(%) | AOR, 95% CI | P-value | |
| Residence | Urban | 273(67.2) | 150(55) | 123(45) | 1 | 0.916 |
| Rural | 133(32.75) | 58(43.6) | 75(56.4) | 0.97(0.53,1.79) | ||
| Age in year | 6–11 | 191(47) | 94(49.2) | 97(50.8) | 2.31(1.13,4.71) | 0.021* |
| 12–18 | 159(39.2) | 75(47.2) | 84(52.8) | 2.24(1.09,4.62) | ||
| 19–21 | 56(13.8) | 39(69.6) | 17(30.4) | 1 | ||
| Sex | Male | 216(53.2) | 104(48.1) | 112(51.9) | 1.29(0.82,2.03) | 0.78 |
| female | 190(46.8) | 104(54.7) | 86(45.3) | 1 | ||
| Mothers’ occupation | Government employee | 46(11.3) | 20(43.5) | 26(56.5) | 1 | 0.208 |
| Merchant | 85(20.9) | 49(57.6) | 36(42.4) | 1.6(0.79,3.26) | ||
| Others | 69(17) | 43(62.3) | 26(37.7) | 1.26(0.59,2.7) | ||
| housewife | 206(50.7) | 96(46.6) | 110(53.4) | 2.44(1.00,5.92 | ||
| Ways of disposing household wastes | Burning | 38(9.4) | 25(65.8) | 13(34.2) | 1 | |
| Bury under ground | 85(21.6) | 46(54.1) | 39(45.9) | 0.52(0.24,1.12) | 0.24 | |
| On open field | 283(69) | 137(48.4) | 146(51.9) | 0.86(0.48,1.53) | ||
| Hand washing habit before meals | Always | 122(30) | 72(59) | 50(41) | 1 | 0.029* |
| Sometime | 284(69.95) | 136(47.9) | 148(52.1) | 5(1.34, 14.94) | ||
| Defecation habit | Open field | 204(50.5) | 85(41.7) | 119(58.3) | 2.33(1.44,3.76) | < 0.001* |
| In latrine | 202(49.5) | 123(60.9) | 79(39.1) | 1 | ||
| Eating raw vegetables and unwashed fruit | Yes | 268(66) | 126(47) | 142(53) | 1.82(1.14,2.3) | 0.012* |
| no | 138(34) | 82(59.4) | 56(40.6) | 1 | ||
| Source of drinking water | Protected tap water | 50(12.3) | 31(62) | 19(38) | 1 | 0.48 |
| Borehole | 228(56.2) | 119(52.2) | 109(47.8) | 0.66(0.33,1.32) | ||
| Unprotected spring/stream | 128(31.5) | 58(45.3) | 70(547) | 0.88(0.53,1.45) | ||
| Having frequent water contact practices | Always | 106(26.1) | 53(50) | 53(50) | 1.72(0.97,3.07) | 0.166 |
| Sometimes | 211(52) | 99(47) | 112(53) | 1.65(0.86,3.19) | ||
| Not at all | 89(21.9) | 56(63) | 33(37) | 1 | ||
| Consistency of wearing shoes | Always | 111(27.3) | 71(64) | 40(36) | 1 | < 0.001* |
| Sometimes | 241(59.4) | 121(50.2) | 120(49.8) | 2(1.2, 6.93) | ||
| Not at all | 54(13.3) | 16(29.6) | 38(70.4) | 4(1.5, 9.44) | ||
| Dirty things in finger nails | Yes | 245(60.3) | 115(47) | 130(53) | 1.56(0.99,2.44) | 0.05* |
| no | 161(37.43) | 93(56.7) | 68(43.4) | 1 | ||
Note: 1 = reference value, * = statistically significant at p < 0.05, AOR = adjusted odds ratio (multivariate regression model) for age, hand washing habit before meals, defecation habit, consistency of wearing shoes, habit of eating raw vegetables and unwashed fruit, and dirty finger nails