(A) Brain damage and toxicity from CED treatment with saline, CPP-gVLPs, free EPI, and EPI@CPP-gVLPs infusion, as shown in four representative sections of brains after 3 days. (B) Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated the infiltration of neutrophils (Ly6G) and macrophages (CD68) at 24 h post saline and CPP-gVLPs administration by CED. (C) Distribution and retention of free EPI or EPI@CPP-gVLPs in the brain by CED infusion was monitored using fluorescence imaging to detect fluorescence generated from DAPI (indicated nuclei), GFP (indicated gVLPs), and EPI. The images show the distribution of free EPI or EPI@CPP-gVLPs in cross-sections of tissue surrounding the brain glioma 3 h after infusion. (a) CED of free EPI in normal mice brain, (b) CED of EPI@CPP-gVLPs in normal mice brain, (c) CED of EPI@CPP-gVLPs in brain tumor mice.