Table 4.

Pooled results of heart rate

Item	Pooled results	Cheung et al26	Gu et al27	Nooh et al25
Induction 0 minutes, MD (95% CI)	0.98 (−1.50 to 3.46)	2.52 (−3.41 to 8.45)	−0.60 (−4.22 to 3.02)	2.31 (−1.84 to 6.46)
Induction 10 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−0.60 (−3.32 to 2.13)	0.36 (−5.67 to 6.39)	−0.60 (−4.68 to 3.48)	−1.16 (−5.77 to 3.46)
Induction 20 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−1.38 (−3.88 to 1.13)	−1.81 (−6.87 to 3.25)	−0.80 (−4.57 to 2.97)	−1.85 (−6.35 to 2.65)
Induction 30 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−6.68 (−11.55 to −1.80)#	−0.90 (−6.51 to 4.71)	−10.00 (−14.12 to −5.88)#	−8.11 (−12.26 to −3.96)#
Induction 40 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−10.82 (−13.20 to −8.43)#	−6.49 (−11.80 to −1.18)#	−12.70 (−16.24 to −9.16)#	−10.88 (−14.94 to −6.82)#
Induction 50 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−9.65 (−14.36 to −4.94)#	−4.33 (−9.71 to 1.05)	−12.80 (−16.52 to −9.08)#	−10.88 (−15.44 to −6.32)#
Induction 60 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−10.82 (−14.37 to −7.26)#	−8.65 (−13.76 to −3.54)#	−13.90 (−17.37 to −10.43)#	−9.03 (−13.09 to −4.97)#
Induction 70 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−4.13 (−6.50 to −1.77)#	−7.74 (−12.35 to −3.13)#	−2.10 (−5.67 to 1.47)	−3.93 (−8.25 to 0.39)
Induction 80 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−3.61 (−6.12 to −1.10)#	−6.84 (−12.12 to −1.56)#	−1.10 (−4.76 to 2.56)	−5.09 (−9.64 to −0.54)#
Induction 90 minutes, MD (95% CI)	−3.19 (−7.32 to 0.94)	−8.11 (−13.19 to −3.03)#	−0.60 (−4.18 to 2.98)	−1.85 (−5.86 to 2.16)

Note:

^#P<0.05.

Abbreviation: MD, mean difference.