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. 2019 Jan 10;4(1):e124370. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.124370

Figure 1. Antibiotic-treated mice are protected from TLR9-enhanced myelopoiesis and cytokine storm–induced immunopathology.

Figure 1

C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with antibiotic or control water for 3 weeks. Thereafter, mice were treated with 5 doses of the TLR9 agonist CpG1826 over the course of 10 days. Numbers of bone marrow and extramedullary (spleen and liver) common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) (A) and inflammatory monocytes (iMonos) (B) were enumerated. (C) Serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. (D) Clinical manifestations of cytokine storm were evaluated by measuring splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. (E) Livers from mice were sectioned and stained with H&E (original magnification, ×20). Each graph displays representative data from 1 of 2–4 independent experiments (n = 4 mice per group). Analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, interaction; +P < 0.05, ++P < 0.01, +++P < 0.001, ++++P < 0.0001, control vs. antibiotic treated; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.0001, PBS vs. CpG in vivo treatments). Interaction term is CpG treatment x Antibiotic treatment.