Comparison 6. Opioids versus placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Breathlessness	15		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Oral: change from baseline	3	116	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.07 [‐0.30, 0.44]
1.2 Oral: post‐treatment score	6	190	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.27 [‐0.56, 0.02]
1.3 Nebulised: change from baseline	1	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.17 [‐0.80, 0.45]
1.4 Nebulised: post‐treatment score	5	116	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.19 [‐0.56, 0.17]
2 Breathlessness	3	58	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.54 [‐5.09, 0.00]
2.1 Subcutaneous: change from baseline	2	38	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.30 [‐4.87, 0.27]
2.2 Subcutaneous: post‐treatment score	1	20	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐19.0 [‐40.15, 2.15]