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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2009 Feb;123(2):e289–e296. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1861

Table 2.

Correlates of consuming ≥4 drinks in a day during pregnancy

< 4 drinks
a day
n = 6259
≥ 4 drinks
a day
n = 1981
χ2
(1d.f.)
p
Prenatal Factors
Maternal age (≥35 years) 10% 11% 1.39 0.238
Any smoking 15% 30% 218.72 <0.001
Cannabis use 1% 4% 70.65 <0.001
Illicit drug use 0.3% 0.8% 7.99 0.005
Parity (≥ 1) 54% 61% 28.31 <0.001
Highest maternal education
(O level or above)
74% 63% 82.89 <0.001
Own home 78% 70% 62.66 <0.001
Currently married 79% 68% 101.51 <0.001
Maternal depression 11% 18% 62.83 <0.001
Child Factors
Gestational age (≤36 weeks) 5% 4% 0.00 0.951
Ethnicity (non-white) 5% 4% 0.02 0.881
Gender (male) 51% 52% 0.42 0.519
Birth weight (kg) 3.44 (0.52) 3.44 (0.54) a 0.804

% or mean (s.d.)

a

t-test, t = 0.25.