Duman 2012.

Methods	Single‐centre randomised trial.
Participants	45 infants. Inclusion criteria: GA < 32 weeks and mechanical ventilation for severe RDS for > 24 h. Exclusion criteria: major congenital anomalies and mechanical ventilation < 24 h.
Interventions	Ventilator: both groups used Drager Babylog 8000plus. Initially in SIPPV(AC) mode and then switched to SIMV mode during weaning. Inflation time 0.3‐0.4 sec and PEEP 4‐6 cmH2O. During weaning, respiratory rate was gradually reduced to 18/min. Clear protocol for ventilation and weaning. Target: PaCO2 40‐60 mmHg. VTV group (n = 23): SIPPV(AC) + VG and SIMV + VG. Set expired VTtarget 4 mL/kg. Pmax set 15‐20% above mean PIP used to achieve VT. Adjustments done with VT increments/decrements of 0.5 mL/kg. PLV group (n = 22): SIPPV(AC) and SIMV. PIP adjustments in increments/decrements of 1‐2 cmH2O. Duration of intervention: until extubation.
Outcomes	Primary: duration of ventilation (median and IQR). Other: mortality, BPD, PDA, IVH grade 3 or 4, PVL, pneumothorax.
Supplemental data	Duration of ventilation (mean and SD), clarification about the randomisation process and inclusions/exclusions.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Block randomisation with random block sizes.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Blinding of randomisation: sealed opaque envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No.
Intervention bias (strict vs hybrid studies)	Low risk	Not applicable.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Follow‐up: complete to end of intervention. Secondary postintervention outcomes reported during period of primary admission.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No trial registration.
Other bias	Low risk