2. Tentative description of interventions (part 2).

Study	Location of intervention	When and how much of the intervention was delivered	Tailoring	Modifications	Adherence planning	Adherence assessment
Alvarez 2001	83 community pharmacies in the provinces of Asturias, Barcelona, Madrid and Biscay	The intervention was delivered once.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	Two additional seminars were given to the intervention group on real cases in order to approve the intervention.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Bernsten 2001	Community pharmacies in 7 European countries; Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Northern Ireland (co‐ordinating centre), Portugal, Republic of Ireland and Sweden. A minimum of 12 sites per country were chosen according to specific criteria set within each participating country relating to the population of elderly people who visited the pharmacy, staffing levels within the pharmacy and working relationships with local GPs.	The intervention was delivered at least once according to the study manual. However, Each site was free to provide as much information as possible to the intervention group as per the study manual.	A study manual describing the intervention was developed for all the participating countries. Each country translated the manual into their own language.	Each country adapted the manual, translating and modifying sections where appropriate, according to differing national practices.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Campins 2016	7 Primary Health care clinics in Mataró and Argentona	The intervention included 3 phases and the participants were followed up for 12 months. It is not clear if the intervention was repeated more than once.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Coleman 1999	9 primary care physician practices in Washington State. Clinics were allowed to select their target condition of focus: frail older adults or people with diabetes. The physicians were board certified in Family Practice and did not have formal training or certification in geriatric medicine.	The intervention was undertaken once. However there was variability in the frequency of one of its components.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	A priori process of care measures for each of the geriatric syndromes were developed with decision rules for acceptable documentation by the study reviewers for the interventions.	The chart abstraction of assessing the documentation for the interventions was performed by one member of the study team along with an additional reviewer blinded to knowledge of the study group and study hypothesis. The overall level of agreement between the 2 reviewers was acceptable based on published ranges (kappas for geriatric syndrome process measures 0.75 to 0.85)
Frankenthal 2014	Chronic care geriatric facilities in Central Israel	The intervention was done once at 6 months and 12 months later.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Garcia‐Gollarte 2014	A private organisation of 37 nursing homes in Spain	It is unclear how many times the intervention was given as the educator offered further on‐demand advice on prescription for the next 6 months.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There was no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Gernant 2016	Home health patients within a medicare insured home health population in Canada	The intervention was undertaken at least once however, some participants received more than one phone call as additional telephone follow‐up was provided as needed per the pharmacists' discretion during the first 30 days of the 60‐day home healthcare episode.	Some participants received additional follow‐up depending on their conditions.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Gurwitz 2014	Large multispecialty group practice employing 265 physicians, including 66 primary care providers caring for adults in the outpatient setting	Daily records generated by the computer system were examined.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Hawes 2014	804‐bed academic medical centre in North Carolina, USA	The intervention took place once.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	Only hospitalisations and ED visits at the study institution were included for those participants who were not able to be contacted after 3 phone call attempts.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Holland 2005	Home‐based medication review after discharge from acute or community hospitals in Norfolk and Suffolk, UK.	The intervention was performed once.	It is possible that a small number of participants in both groups may have had their medication reviewed during the follow‐up period by their GP or community pharmacist.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken. No data on adherence were collected.	Not undertaken
Ibrahim 2013	Telephone consultation with home visits	The intervention was performed once.	Any additional contact as requested by the participant in the intervention group was undertaken.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Kaczorowski 2011	Community‐based pharmacies in Canada	The intervention was performed once as planned.	The local lead organisations used several strategies to recruit volunteer peer health educators. These strategies included using the local lead organisation's existing volunteer base, advertising in the local media, and giving presentations at local seniors’ clubs.	When required, Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program support staff produced and mailed invitation letters on behalf of participating physicians (CHAP 2017).	Feedback of results was given to primary healthcare providers.	Evaluation data collected for the purpose of ongoing evaluation and quality improvement: 1. Success of different advertising/invitation strategies 2. Attendance, consent, completed assessments 3. Nurse assessments, pharmacist consults, fax/call to family physician the same day. Feedback to family physicians, pharmacists, and participants
Korajkic 2011	Outpatients clinic in Melbourne, Australia	The intervention was performed once as planned.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	There were written instructions on how to adjust the dose of frusemide per weight increase.	Data on dosage adjustment of frusemide were collected and compared against the initial criteria.
Krska 2001	General medical practices in the Grampian region of Scotland	The intervention was performed once as planned.	In the control group, when pharmacists considered a review to be serious and beneficial to the participants, an independent medical assessor decided on the need to withdraw the participants on clinical grounds.	There were no modifications made to the intervention during the study.	Any outstanding care issues in both groups were communicated to the participant's GP.	Not undertaken
Lapane 2011	25 nursing homes serviced by 2 long‐term care pharmacies in Northern Ireland	It is unclear the number of times the reports were generated and used by the pharmacists for every resident.	The Geriatric Risk Assessment MedGuide database software for falls and delirium was integrated into the pharmacies’ commercial pharmacy software system (Rescot LTCP System) for the intervention homes (Tobias 1999).	It is unclear if there were any modifications to the interventions.	The computer system did not capture if the recommendations done by the pharmacist were accepted.	Not undertaken
Lenaghan 2007	A GP setting in Norfolk, UK	It is unclear how many times the pharmacist and the GP met to discuss participant's care plan.	A follow‐up visit with the participant occurred 6‐8 weeks later to reinforce the original advice, and assess whether there were any further pharmaceutical care issues to address with the GP.	It is unclear if there were any modifications to the interventions.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Lowrie 2012	The study was conducted within the NHS which provides free health care to the population of the UK. 27 primary care‐based pharmacists employed by the NHS to work with family doctors	It is unclear how many times the pharmacist met the participant and the GP.	If there was agreement between the pharmacist and the participant during the consultation and subsequently with the family doctor, medications were initiated, discontinued, or modified by the pharmacist during 3‐4 subsequent weekly or fortnightly consultations.	It is unclear if there were any modifications to the interventions.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Malet‐Larrea 2016	The study was conducted in 178 community pharmacies in Spain	It is unclear how many times the intervention was undertaken.	A specifically trained pharmacist called a practice change facilitator helped pharmacists of the intervention group in the provision of the medication review with follow‐up service, identifying barriers specific to each pharmacy and providing solutions.	It is unclear if there were any modifications to the interventions.	The practice change facilitator ensured fidelity to the intervention and supported pharmacists of both study groups on queries about documentation forms.	The experts were requested to answer individually for each case and the degree of agreement between them was later established. Inter‐rater reliability was measured using Fleiss's kappa.
Malone 2000	9 Veterans Affairs medical centres in the USA	It is unclear how many times participants were seen by the pharmacist in the intervention group as the protocol indicated that each participant should have at least 3 visits with the clinical pharmacist during the study, but participants could be seen as frequently as deemed necessary to ensure appropriate care.	To prevent contamination, some sites marked medical records of intervention and control participants to alert clinical pharmacists that participants were in the study. Other sites noted this distinction in electronic medical records. One site distributed a list of participants enrolled in the study to all pharmacists providing primary care.	Clinical pharmacist intervention, however, occurred in one control participant; this participant was withdrawn from the study and his data were not included in the results.	Each contact with the participant was recorded on a standard data collection form that contained information about the method of contact, estimated time spent with the participant, medical problems addressed, drug‐related problems addressed, and drug‐related problems resolved.	Each month after enrolment the co‐ordinating centre received electronic data on each participant's prescription drugs dispensed in the preceding month. When participants either completed the study or died, data on resource use from enrolment to termination were retrieved.
Moertl 2009	Ambulatory patients participating in the EuroHeart Failure Survey programme in Vienna	It is unclear how many times the nurse visited the intervention participants as more visits were made optional for participants.	More frequent contacts such as visits or telephone calls between the nurse and the participants were optional in case the participant or the nurse considered them necessary.	The nurse was in charge of individualised participant and caregiver education and enhancement of self‐management. If the nurse noted any deterioration in the participant's status, she reported to the treating physician or advised the participant to visit the treating physician.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Murray 2004	Academic primary care internal medicine practice in the USA	It is unclear how many times the intervention was undertaken.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were no modifications made to the interventions.	Data necessary to generate care suggestions were derived from the computer programme. Treatment suggestions fell into 5 major categories.	Not undertaken
Nabagiez 2013	Ambulatory patients discharged from a large 702‐bed hospital in Staten University Hospital, USA	It is unclear how many times the physician visited each participant in the home after their discharge.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There were some modifications done to the intervention due to the participants not being available at the weekend. Participants were not seen directly after discharge as per the study protocol.	All findings were documented on the intervention visit form.	It is unclear if this was undertaken.
Okamoto 2001	Managed care organisation in California, USA	It is unclear how many times participants were seen by the pharmacist in the intervention group as additional follow‐up was organised by the pharmacists for some participants.	Additional follow‐up was organised by the pharmacists for some participants.	The intervention was not modified.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Olesen 2014	Patients living at home in the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark	The intervention was performed at the intended follow‐up.	Pharmacists could consult the project physician if they considered a participant's medication problems to be life‐threatening.	The intervention was not modified.	Adherence to the medications were assessed by a pill‐count in all participants during 1 year.	Pill count was undertaken
Pai 2009	The study took place in a non‐profit university‐affiliated dialysis clinic in Albany, USA.	It is unclear if all participants received the same number of follow‐up visits by the pharmacist or the physician in the intervention group.	It is unclear if there was any tailoring made to the intervention.	The intervention was not modified.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Roberts 2001	52 nursing homes located in south‐east Queensland and north‐east New South Wales, Australia	There was variability in the number of educational sessions provided to staff in each nursing home as well as the number of visits by the intervention pharmacists.	It is unclear if there was any tailoring made to the intervention.	It is unclear if the intervention was modified.	Validation of prescription claim data with participants' medications profiles.	To validate prescription claims data, a sample of 1328 cross‐sectional medication profiles were collected for 8 nursing home clusters for control and intervention homes at post‐intervention. An audit, comparing original post‐intervention medication data with the same data recollected up to 6 weeks later for a 6%, random sample, showed an overall reproducibility of 97% (range 92% to 100%)
Rytter 2010	Patients discharged from Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.	The intervention was performed as prescribed.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There was no modification made to the intervention.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Triller 2007	Heart failure patients discharged from hospital in Albany, Scotland	The intervention was performed as prescribed.	The clinical pharmacist accessed and reviewed all pertinent physician notes and laboratory test values via the National Endowment for the Humanities data system and interacted with prescribers on behalf of the participants, as necessary.	There was no modification made to the intervention.	Not undertaken	Not undertaken
Zermansky 2001	4 GPs in Leeds, UK	It is unclear how many times the pharmacist visited the participant.	Immobile participants were visited at home. Non‐attenders were invited once more by telephone.	The study authors agreed with each practice the level of intervention that the pharmacist could make without seeking prior approval	It is unclear if this was undertaken.	It is unclear if this was undertaken.
Zermansky 2006	65 care homes for the elderly in Leeds, UK	It is unclear how many times the pharmacist reviewed each participant.	There was no tailoring made to the intervention.	There was no modification made to the intervention.	Pharmacists filled in a proforma sheet including their recommendations.	GP acceptance of the recommendations was signified by ticking a box on the proforma.

ED: emergency department; GP: general practitioner; NHS: National Health Service