Table 5.
Prerehabilitation and Postrehabilitation Strength for the Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation and Sham Groups and Cohen d Effect Sizes With 95% CIs
| Strength Measure |
Group, N/kg (Mean ± SD) |
P Value |
Pooled Prerehabilitation- Postrehabilitation Cohen d Effect Size (95% CI)a |
|||||
| Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation |
Sham |
|||||||
| Prerehabilitation |
Postrehabilitation |
Prerehabilitation |
Postrehabilitation |
Time Main Effect |
Group Main Effect |
Group × Time Interaction |
||
| Knee extension | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 3.6 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.9 | .07 | .36 | .48 | 0.41 (−0.21, 1.03,) |
| Knee flexion | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | .045b | .26 | .05 | 0.31 (−0.30, 0.93) |
| Hip abduction | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 2.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | .007b | .74 | .84 | 0.85 (0.21, 1.49) |
| Hip external rotation | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 4.4 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | .04b | .50 | .67 | 0.66 (0.03, 1.29) |
| Hip internal rotation | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | .002b | .23 | .006b | 0.67 (0.04, 1.30) |
| Hip extension | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | <.001b | .45 | .47 | 0.70 (0.08, 1.34) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Effect sizes were calculated to compare the pooled group's prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation scores; a positive value denotes an increase in strength postrehabilitation.
b
Indicates difference (P ≤ .05).