Dang 1999

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Losses to follow‐up/withdrawals: None
Participants	Setting: inpatients recruited from university teaching hospital Country: China Ethnicity: Chinese Primary nephrotic syndrome diagnosed on "the National Diagnostic Criteria for Nephrotic Syndrome in Children" Course of disease: treatment group (71.50 (34.70) days); control group (64.00 (21.46) days) Number: 54 Mean age: 5.4 years (range 1.9 to 8.9) Gender (M/F): 39/15 Exclusion criteria: NS
Interventions	Treatment group IVIG Dose: 100 to 300 mg/kg/d Total times for all participants: 56 times Average dose/time: 237± 140 mg/kg Duration: 2 to 3 days Baseline treatment Standard steroid protocol for nephrotic children Immunosuppressive agents depending on medical conditions of the patients Control group Baseline treatment Standard steroid protocol for nephrotic children Immunosuppressive agents depending on medical conditions of the patients Duration of follow ‐up: NS
Outcomes	Nosocomial infection Diagnostic criteria: criteria for nosocomial infection established by both USA and China Adverse events
Notes	Spectrum of nosocomial infection in order of incidence: respiratory infection, UTI , diarrhoea, skin infection Spectrum of microorganisms: three microorganisms were cultured with E. coli (2) predominant in UTI Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on the method of random sequence generation, and only presented with the data as "all participants with nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on allocation concealment.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no missing data in this study.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	There was insufficient information to make judgement.
Other bias	Unclear risk	There was insufficient information to make judgement.