Guo 2008

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Losses to follow‐up/withdrawals: None
Participants	Setting: inpatients and out patients recruited from the paediatric department of general hospital Country: China Ethnicity: Chinese Simple nephrotic syndrome diagnosed on "the National Diagnostic Criteria for Nephrotic Syndrome in Children" Course of disease: NS Number: 102 children Age: NS Gender (M/F): NS Exclusion criteria: NS
Interventions	Treatment group 1 Mannan peptide (oral) Dose: 10 mg three times/day Baseline treatment Duration: 6 to 24 months Treatment group 2 Huangqi injection (IV) Dose: 20 mL daily for a continuous 10 days every month Baseline treatment Duration: 6 to 24 months Control group Baseline treatment Standard steroid protocol for nephrotic children Dipyridamole, lower molecular weight heparin depending on medical conditions of the patients Duration:6 to 24 months Duration of follow‐up: NS
Outcomes	Infection Diagnostic criteria: NS
Notes	Spectrum of infection in order of incidence: respiratory infection, urological infection, intestinal infection and other infection. Spectrum of microorganisms: NS Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on the method of random sequence generation, and only presented with the data as "all participants with nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on allocation concealment.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no missing data in this study.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Free of selective reporting bias was assessed as "No" due to some clinically important outcomes unstated, such as adverse events.
Other bias	Unclear risk	There was insufficient information to make judgement.