Kang 2003

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Losses to follow‐up/withdrawals: None
Participants	Setting: patients recruited from the paediatric department of general hospital Country: China Ethnicity: Chinese Simple nephrotic syndrome diagnosed on "the National Diagnostic Criteria for Nephrotic Syndrome in Children" Course of disease: NS Number: 38 Age range: 1.5 to 8 years Gender (M/F): 22/16 Exclusion criteria: NS
Interventions	Treatment group BCG vaccine injection (IM) Dose: 1mL (0.5g) every other day Duration: 3 to 6 months Baseline treatment including the standard steroid protocol for nephrotic children Control group Baseline treatment including the standard steroid protocol for nephrotic children Duration: 3 to 6 months Duration of follow‐up: NS
Outcomes	Infection Diagnostic criteria: NS Adverse events
Notes	Spectrum of infection in order of incidence: respiratory infection, urological infection, intestinal infection and other infections. Spectrum of microorganisms: NS Source of funding: NS
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on the method of random sequence generation, and only presented with the data as "all participants with nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on allocation concealment.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The study did not provide the information on blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no missing data in this study.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	There was insufficient information to make judgement.
Other bias	Unclear risk	There was insufficient information to make judgement.