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. 2017 Oct 30;2017(10):CD012509. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012509.pub2

2.

2

Analysis 1.1: Opioids versus placebo, any adverse event.

CI: confidence interval
 df: degrees of freedom
 M‐H: Mantel‐Haenszel method of meta‐analysis
 P: probability
 Z: Z score (standard score)