Lee 2014a.
| Methods | RCT | |
| Participants | Recruited from a hospital in Korea 21 participants: 10 intervention group, 11 control group Inclusion criteria: > 6 months post stroke, not taking medication that can affect balance, MMSE score of < 24/30, no pain or disability associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions, sitting to sidelying with moderate assistance, sitting for > 10 s without support and standing without support for 1 min Exclusion criteria: Pusher syndrome Mean (SD) age: intervention group 47.9 (12) years, control group 54 (11.9) years 67% men Timing post stroke: intervention group mean (SD) 11.7 (4.5) months, control group mean 11.0 (4.7) months |
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| Interventions | VR intervention: augmented reality had 3 stages and 16 scopes. The stages progressed from exercise programs in lying position to sitting to standing using a therapeutic ball or foothold. The VR included videos of postural control training for guiding the participants to perform ideal postural control motions. The head‐mounted device showed 2 views: the modelled movement was on one side and the actual movement on the other side. The participant could watch the modelled movement and listen to a recorded sound in order to compare the normal movement with his/her own movement. This was completed in addition to usual physiotherapy sessions Control intervention: no intervention except for usual physiotherapy sessions Sessions were 30 min/d for 4 weeks |
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| Outcomes | Outcomes assessed post intervention Timed Up and Go Test Berg Balance Scale Gait (measured using the GAITRite system ‐ gait velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length) |
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| Notes | — | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Drawing lots |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Participant selection from box (paper had either number 1 or 2 on) |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blinded outcome assessor |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Low number of dropouts and ITT analysis performed (last observation carried forward) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No mention of protocol or clinical trial registry |