Marcinkevage 2013.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial.
Participants	57 women were randomised. Setting: Grady Memobria Hospital, a large metropolitan hospital in the USA. Inclusion criteria: women (Black or Hispanic) aged 18 to 45 years; overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²); a sedentary lifestyle (< 30 minutes/day of moderate physical activity); established antenatal care established at < 20 weeks of gestation; singleton pregnancy. Exclusion criteria: a history of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, active liver disease, or anaemia; receipt of medications which adversely influence glucose tolerance; multiple pregnancies; not planning to continue pregnancy to term; contraindications to participate in regular physical activity; mental conditions ‐ unable to understand nature, scope and possible consequences of the trial.
Interventions	Intervention group (n = 28) Women received a lifestyle intervention consisting of monthly visits focused on increasing fruit and vegetable intakes, reducing intakes of fats and sugars, and increasing levels of moderate physical activity. Control group (n = 29) Women received regular care. This was comprised of counselling routinely provided to all women as recommended by the IOM for appropriate nutrition and weight gain, and ACOG guidelines for appropriate physical activity during pregnancy.
Outcomes	To date, data have been reported for outcomes including: glucose and insulin indices; activity (total, sedentary behaviour); GWG.
Notes	Trial 'awaiting classification', pending the availability/reporting of GDM outcome data.