Comparison 5. Behavioural intervention versus no treatment controls.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain intensity, short term	7		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Versus no treatment	4	374	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.67 [‐1.49, 0.16]
1.2 Versus waiting list controls	3	121	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.74 [‐1.32, ‐0.15]
2 Pain, short term	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
2.1 Versus no treatment	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Behavioural intervention plus additional treatment versus additional only	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Disability, short term	4		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
3.1 Versus no treatment	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Versus waiting list controls	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Disability, short term	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
4.1 Versus no treatment	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 Behavioural intervention plus additional treatment versus additional only	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Sick leave, short term	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 Versus no treatment	2	298	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.21, 0.24]
6 Sick leave, short term	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
6.1 Versus no treatment	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Pain, long term	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
7.1 Versus no treatment	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Disability, long term	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
8.1 Versus no treatment	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]