Dellve 2011.
Methods | RCT | |
Participants | Female human service organisation workers (35 to 60 years old) on long‐term (60 days) sick leave and with chronic neck pain. Reduction in degree of working should be at least 50%; n = 73 | |
Interventions |
Myofeedback training: harness to muscle activity (EMG) from the upper trapezius muscles on the right and left sides; eight hours per week; n = 25; lost five Intensive strength training: two warm‐up movements, followed by four exercises for strengthening and coordinating upper extremities; five‐ to 10‐minute programme to be performed twice a day for six days/wk; n = 27; lost seven Control: n = 21 Intervention: one month; follow‐up: three months |
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Outcomes | Self‐reported (work ability, pain (VAS)) and laboratory‐observed data on health, pain, muscular activation and work ability | |
Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Randomisation method is unclear |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Concealed randomisation is stated, but procedure is unclear |
Blinding of participants? | Unclear risk | No mention of participant blinding |
Blinding of caregivers? | High risk | One caregiver for all interventions, therefore not blinded |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Unclear blinding and outcome assessment |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes ‐ <20% drop‐outs? | High risk | 23/73 lost, > 20% |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes ‐ ITT analysis performed? | High risk | No ITT analysis |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No protocol |
Similarity of baseline characteristics? | Low risk | No differences |
Co‐interventions avoided? | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Compliance acceptable ? | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Timing outcome assessment comparable? | Low risk | Timing comparable |