Spence 1995.

Methods	RCT; no info on randomisation procedure
Participants	Chronic (> 10 months) complaints, upper extremity (non‐specific) associated with repetitive tasks in the workplace; n = 48 (40 women)
Interventions	EMG biofeedback (EMG): auditory feedback on muscle tension levels + home‐based assignments; n = 12 EMG + relaxation (CO): combined treatment of EMG and ART; n = 12 Relaxation training (ART): consists of a range of relaxation techniques + home‐based assignments; n = 12 Waiting list controls (WCL): n = 12   Eight weeks. Follow‐up six months
Outcomes	Pain (Whimpy, Likert, PBQ), depression (BDI), ADL
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear randomisation procedure
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear whether allocation was concealed
Blinding of participants?	Unclear risk	Unclear
Blinding of caregivers?	Unclear risk	Unclear
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear whether outcome assessment was blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes ‐ <20% drop‐outs?	High risk	Three dropouts at short term; eight at long term (> 20%)
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes ‐ ITT analysis performed?	High risk	No ITT analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol
Similarity of baseline characteristics?	High risk	Baseline groups were regarded as not comparable
Co‐interventions avoided?	Unclear risk	Unclear whether co‐interventions were avoided
Compliance acceptable ?	Unclear risk	Unclear compliance
Timing outcome assessment comparable?	Low risk	Timing was comparable