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Unless otherwise stated, search terms are free text terms; MeSH = Medical subject heading (Medline medical index term); exp = exploded MeSH; the dollar sign ($) stands for any character(s); the question mark (?) = to substitute for one or no characters; tw = text word; pt = publication type; sh = MeSH; adj = adjacent. Diabetes mellitus, type 1: 1 exp diabetes mellitus, insulin dependent/ 2 exp Diabetic Ketoacidosis/ 3 IDDM.tw. 4 (insulin? depend$ or insulin?depend$).tw. 5 ((typ$ 1 or typ$ I) adj diabet$).tw. 6 (earl$ adj diabet$).tw. 7 ((juvenil$ or child$ or keto$ or Labil$ or brittl$) adj diabet$).tw. 8 ((auto?immun$ or sudden onset) adj diabet$).tw. 9 (insulin? defic$ adj absolut$).tw. 10 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 11 exp diabetes insipidus/ 12 diabet$ insipidus.tw. 13 11 or 12 14 10 not 13 Controlled or randomised clinical trials: Phase I 1 randomised controlled trial.pt. 2 controlled clinical trial.pt. 3 Randomised Controlled Trials/ 4 Random Allocation/ 5 Double‐Blind Method/ 6 Single Blind Method/ 7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 8 Animal/ not Human/ 9 7 not 8 Phase II 10 clinical trial.pt. 11 exp Clinical Trials/ 12 (clinic$ adj25 trial$).tw. 13 ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj (mask$ or blind$)).tw. 14 Placebos/ 15 placebo$.tw. 16 random$.tw. 17 Research Design/ 18 (latin adj square).tw. 19 10 or 13 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 20 19 not 8 21 20 not 9 Phase III 22 Comparative Study/ 23 exp Evaluation Studies/ 24 Follow‐Up Studies/ 25 Prospective Studies/ 26 (control$ or prospectiv$ or volunteer$).tw. 27 Cross‐Over Studies/ 28 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 29 28 not 8 30 29 not (9 or 21) All phases 33 9 or 21 or 30 Meta‐analysis or systematic reviews: 1 exp meta‐analysis/ 2 exp Review Literature/ 3 meta‐analysis.pt. 4 review.pt. 5 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 6 letter.pt. 7 comment.pt. 8 editorial.pt. 9 historical‐article.pt. 10 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 11 5 not 10 12 ((systematic$ or quantitativ$ or methodologic$) adj (review$ or overview$)).tw. 13 meta?anal$.tw. 14 (integrativ$ research review$ or research integration$).tw. 15 quantitativ$ synthes$.tw. 16 (pooling$ or pooled analys$ or mantel$ haenszel$).tw. 17 (peto$ or der?simonian$ or fixed effect$ or random effect$).tw. 18 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 19 11 or 18 20 limit 19 to human [Limit not valid in: Pre‐MEDLINE; records were retained] Long acting or intermediate acting insulin: 1 exp Insulin, Long‐Acting/ 2 exp Insulin, Isophane/ 3 glargine.tw 4 ultralente.tw 5 detemir.tw 6 lantus.tw 7 levemir.tw 8 lente.tw 9 NPH.tw 10 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9