Characteristic	Kolendorf 2006	Murphy 2003	Pieber 2000	Porcellati 2004	Raskin 2000	Ratner 2000	Robertson 2007	Rosenstock 2000	Russel‐Jones 2004
Intervention 1 (I1) / intervention 2 (I2) / control 1 (C1)	I1: Determir + Aspart C1: NPH + Aspart	I1: Glargine + Lispro C1: NPH + HI	I1: Glargine 30 + HI I2: Glargine 80 + HI I3: NPH + HI	I1: Glargine + Lispro I2: NPH + Lispro	I1: Glargine + Lispro I2: NPH + Lispro	I1: Glargine + HI C1: NPH + HI	I1: Determir + Aspart C1: NPH + Aspart	I1: Glargine 30 + HI I2: Glargine 80 + HI I3: NPH + HI	I1: Determir + HI C1: NPH + HI
[n] (I1/ I2 / C1 / total)	127/130/130	26/26/26	110/113/110/333	61/60/121	310/309/619	264/270/534	232/115/347	82/87/88/257	491/256/747
Sex (male) [n,%]	34, 51.5% / 36, 56.3%	11, 44%	61, 56% / 74, 66% / 68, 62%	33, 55% / 34, 55.7%	151, 48.7% / 162, 52.4%	141, 53.4% / 129, 47.8%	119, 51.3% / 55, 47.8%	42, 51.2% / 44, 51.2% / 47, 53.4%	322, 65.6% / 157, 61.3%
Age [years] mean (SD)	38.5 (12.3) / 39.9 (12.4)	14.8 (range 12‐18)	35.6 (range 18–68) / 37.5 (range 19–70) / 35.7 (range 20–61)	34 (1.0) / 36 (1.0)	38.9 (12.2) / 39.5 (12.2)	38.2 (12.2) / 38.9 (11.9)	11.9 (2.8) / 11.7 (2.7)	37.5 (11.7) / 37.0 (11.5) / 37.9 (12.5)	40.9 (12.4) / 39.8 (12.3)
Ethnic groups [%]	White 61 (92.4%) / White 61 (95.3%)	?	?	?	White 299 (96.5%) / 301 (97.4%) Black 10 (3.2%) / 6 (1.9%) Hispanic 3 (1.0%) / 6 (1.9%) Other 1 (0.3%) / 2 (0.6%)	?	?	White 93.8%	?
Duration of disease [years] mean (SD)	16.5 (10.0) / 16.6 (10.6)	7.3 (range 1.8–15)	median (range) 11.0 (1.0–36.0) / 8.0 (1.0–48.0) / 11.0 (2.0–48.0)	15 (0.3) / 13 (0.3)	18.7 (11.5) / 18.4 (11.8)	17.9 (11.66 ) / 16.9 (10.0)	5.1 (3.1) / 4.8 (2.8)	16.7 (11.3) / 15.8 (10.0) / 16.3 (10.8)	17.1 (11.3) / 16.4 (9.5)
Body mass index [kg/m2] mean (SD) Weight [kg] mean (SD)	25.1 (3.4) / 25.6 (3.5) Kg: 76.2 (13.1) / 77.5 (14.7)	23.2 (range 18.1–30.4)	24.0 (range 18.7–28.3) / 24.0 (range 18.6–30.3) / 24.0 (range 18.9–29.1)	23.2 (0.15) / 22.9 (0.14)	25.5 (3.4) / 25.7 (3.9)	25.63 (4.01) / 25.93 (4.55)	Z‐score: 0.15 (range ‐2.0–1.7) / 0.16 (range ‐2.6–1.7) 46.3 (13.6) / 46.2 (15.0)	23.9 (2.5) / 24.4 (2.5) / 24.5 (2.7)	25.1 (3.4) / 25.4 (3.4) Kg: 76.5 (12.3) / 76.1 (12.5)
Pharmaco‐naive patients [n,%]	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0
HbA1c [%] mean (SD)	7.9 (0.7) / 7.9 (0.8)	9.3 (range 7.1–12)	8.09 (0.11) / 7.96 (0.11) / 7.85 (0.11)	7.1 (0.2) / 7.1 (0.1)	7.6 (1.2) / 7.7 (1.2)	7.7 (1.2) / 7.7 (1.1)	8.8 (1.2) / 8.7 (1.1)	7.8 (1.1) / 7.9 (1.2) / 8.0 (1.2)	8.35 (1.20) / 8.35 (1.21)
Fasting blood glucose	?	?	8.22 (0.22) / 7.97 (0.24) / 8.06 (0.25)	?	9.7 (3.3) / 9.6 (2.6)	9.2 (2.7) / 9.7 (3.0)	?	?	8.81 (4.22) / 9.09 (4.44)
Fasting plasma glucose	?	?	12.76 (0.49) / 11.55 (0.42) / 11.91 (0.49 )	?	11.9 (5.5) / 12.1 (5.1)	median (range) 11.0 (1.1–25.3) / 11.3 (2.2–36.8)	11.2 (5.1) / 11.1 (5.0)	?	11.88 (5.31) / 11.55 (4.96)
Basal insulin dose (IU/day)	0.35 (0.12) / 0.36 (0.12) IU/kg	?	?	?	28.4 (13.3) / 28.3 (14.4)	?	Once‐daily (66): 0.38 (0.19) / 0.36 (0.16) Twice or three times daily (97): 0.55 (0.20) / 0.56 (0.22)	?	?
Bolus insulin dose (IU/day)	NA (0.41 (0.13) / 0.38 (0.13) U/kg)	?	?	?	?	?	Once‐daily (66): 0.65 (0.18) / 0.60 (0.21) Twice or three times daily (94): 0.42 (0.19) / 0.40 (0.22)	?	?
Clinically different baseline characteristics (Y/N)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	N	N	N	N
Notes	crossover trial	crossover trial					35 participants used pretrial premix insulin: 0.82 (0.30) / 0.76 (0.21) U/kg