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. 2017 Dec 8;2017(12):CD003079. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003079.pub4

Comparison 7. Benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics versus antipsychotics plus antihistamines.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
7.1 Tranquilisation or asleep: 1. sedation 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.1.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 12.00 [1.66, 86.59]
7.2 Behaviour: 1. mean endpoint score (Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), high = worse) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.2.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ short term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐3.30 [‐5.25, ‐1.35]
7.2.2 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.70 [‐0.06, 3.46]
7.3 Behaviour: 2. mean endpoint score (Overt Agitation Severity Scale (OASS) agitation scale, high = worse) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.3.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ short term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐16.00 [‐18.98, ‐13.02]
7.3.2 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.70 [‐3.73, ‐1.67]
7.4 Global state: 1. no improvement (number of participants with < 10 points on the OAS and OASS after 12 hours) 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.4.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 25.00 [1.55, 403.99]
7.5 Global state: 2. need for additional medication (mean dose, high = worse) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.5.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.15, 1.11]
7.6 Global state: 3. mean change score (Ramsey Sedation Scale, high = worse) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.6.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ short term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.07, 1.13]
7.6.2 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.46, 0.46]
7.7 Adverse effects/events: 1. extrapyramidal symptoms 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.7.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ medium term 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.16, 2.29]
7.8 Adverse effects/events: 2. specific 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.8.1 + haloperidol vs haloperidol + promethazine ‐ hypotension ‐ medium term 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.67 [0.44, 6.36]