1. Result of analyses containing continuous data from only one study.

Study	Experimental			Control			Mean difference
	Mean	SD	Participants	Mean	SD	Participants	IV, Fixed, 95% CI
1.1 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	8.9	3.0	54	8.1	2.3	30	0.80 [‐0.35, 1.95]
1.2 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	8.8	3.2	54	8.5	2.6	30	0.30 [‐ 0.95, 1.55]
1.3 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	9.0	3.6	54	8.0	1.9	30	1.00 [‐0.18, 2.18]
1.4 HbA1C (%) at 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	7.5	1.6	54	7.2	1.3	30	0.30 [‐0.33, 0.93]
1.5 HbA1C (%) at 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	7.6	2.0	54	6.9	1.0	30	0.70 [0.06, 1.34]
1.6 2hr postprandial blood glucose (mmol/Ll) 12 weeks
Wang 2008	16.3	0.8	23	15.6	0.6	23	0.70 [0.29, 1.11]
1.7 Plasma glucose under the curve at 4th hour of meal tolerance test (mg/dl/h) 12 weeks
Wang 2008	897.1	38.2	23	946.5	56.3	23	‐49.40 [‐77.21, ‐21.59]
1.8 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	98.0	9.9	54	96.1	99.0	30	1.90 [‐33.62, 37.42]
1.9 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	98.7	11.4	54	98.4	10.7	30	0.30 [‐4.59, 5.19]
1.10 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	95.5	10.0	54	98.7	13.3	30	‐3.20 [‐8.66, 2.26]
1.11 Triglycerides (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	2.0	0.9	54	2.1	0.8	30	‐0.10 [‐0.47, 0.27]
1.12 Triglycerides (mmol/L) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	2.5	2.4	54	2.2	1.0	30	0.30 [‐0.43, 1.03]
1.13 Triglycerides (mmol/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	2.1	1.7	54	2.2	1.0	30	‐0.10 [‐0.68, 0.48]
1.14 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	5.0	1.2	54	5.2	1.1	30	‐0.20 [‐0.71, 0.31]
1.15 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	4.8	1.5	54	5.1	1.0	30	‐0.30 [‐0.84, 0.24]
1.16 High density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.2	0.5	54	1.1	0.2	30	0.10 [‐0.05, 0.25]
1.17 High density lipoprotein (mmol/L)16 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.2	0.4	54	1.2	0.2	30	0.00 [‐0.13, 0.13]
1.18 High density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.2	0.5	54	1.2	0.2	30	0.00 [‐0.15, 0.15]
1.19 Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	3.0	1.1	54	2.9	1.1	30	0.10 [‐0.39, 0.59]
1.20 Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	2.6	1.1	54	2.9	0.9	30	‐0.30 [‐0.74, 0.14]
1.21 Waist circumference 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	111.2	14.7	54	111.7	15.8	30	‐0.50 [‐7.38, 6.38]
1.22 Waist circumference 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	110.5	14.4	54	113.3	14.6	30	‐2.80 [‐9.28, 3.68]
1.23 Waist circumference 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	112.0	14.0	54	112.2	14.3	30	‐0.20 [‐6.53, 6.13]
1.24 Body mass index 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	34.2	6.8	54	34.1	7.5	30	0.10 [‐3.14, 3.34]
1.25 Body mass index 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	34.2	6.9	54	32.9	7.0	30	1.30 [‐1.81, 4.41]
1.26 C‐reactive protein (mg/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	2.6	2.6	54	4.1	4.0	30	‐1.50 [‐3.09, 0.09]
1.27 C‐reactive protein (mg/L) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	3.9	3.5	54	4.1	6.3	30	‐0.20 [‐2.64, 2.24]
1.28 C‐reactive protein (mg/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	5.5	8.3	54	3.4	5.9	30	2.10 [‐0.96, 5.16]
1.29 Apolipoprotein A (g/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.2	0.3	54	1.8	0.3	30	‐0.60 [‐0.73, ‐0.47]
1.30 Apolipoprotein A (g/L) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.4	0.3	54	1.4	0.3	30	0.00 [‐0.13, 0.13]
1.31 Apolipoprotein A (g/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.2	0.3	54	1.8	0.3	30	‐0.60 [‐0.73, ‐0.47]
1.32 Apolipoprotein B (g/L) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.0	0.2	54	0.8	0.2	30	0.20 [0.11, 0.29]
1.33 Apolipoprotein B (g/L) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	0.9	0.3	54	0.9	0.3	30	0.00 [‐0.13, 0.13]
1.34 Apolipoprotein B (g/L) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	1.1	0.2	54	1.1	0.3	30	0.00 [‐0.12, 0.12]
1.35 Health related quality of life (physical summary) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	45.3	8.9	54	47.85	6.14	30	‐2.55 [‐5.78, 0.68]
1.36 Health related quality of life (physical summary) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	46.1	8.9	54	46.2	8.5	30	‐0.10 [‐3.96, 3.76]
1.37 Health related quality of life (physical summary) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	46.4	9.4	54	46.2	8.6	30	0.20 [‐3.77, 4.17]
1.38 Health related quality of life (mental summary) 8 weeks
Klupp 2014	49.23	11.5	54	49.3	10.0	30	‐0.07 [‐4.78, 4.64]
1.39 Health related quality of life (mental summary) 16 weeks
Klupp 2014	48.5	11.1	54	48.5	12.7	30	0.00 [‐5.42, 5.42]
1.40 Health related quality of life (mental summary) 24 weeks
Klupp 2014	51.0	9.5	54	51.4	10.4	30	‐0.40 [‐4.90, 4.10]