Glover 2009.

Trial name or title	The Keeping Kids Smokefree study
Methods	Country: New Zealand Design: Controlled Clinical Trial Objective/s: To investigate whether changing parental smoking behaviour and attitudes via a community‐partnership approach with parents, school and local health providers can reduce smoking initiation by 11‐13 year olds Study Site: Four South Auckland ‘intermediate’ schools in an urban area of high social deprivation with large numbers of Māori and Pacific Islands families Methods of analysis: Not reported – raw data obtained Cluster adjustment made: Not reported – raw data obtained
Participants	Eligible for study (n‐value): Not reported Recruited: Intervention n = 1938, Control n = 2570 Completed: 2007: Intervention n = 1320, Control n = 1650; 2008: Intervention n = 1250, Control n = 1575; 2009: Intervention n = 1147, Control n = 1590 Age: Children aged 11‐13 years Gender: Intervention 51.1% female, control 51.1% female Ethnicity: Māori: Intervention 38.9%, Control 19.3%; Pacific Islanders: Intervention 44.0%, Control 44.8% Socio‐economic status: High social deprivation Recruitment means: One school was recruited through a local newspaper article about the proposed study, whilst the remaining three schools were invited to participate by the investigators
Interventions	Theoretical basis: An Indigenous model Te Whare Tapa Wha (the four‐sided house), comprising the physical body, the mental realm family and social relationships and the spiritual realm Intervention description/s: Community level intervention including: non‐government tobacco control action organisation, regional public health providers, regional tribal Māori health provider organisation, sport and recreation association, schools, parents, local businesses and the New Zealand Health Sponsorship Council. The intervention included: The promotion of smoking cessation to parents and school staff through two ‘Quit and Win’ contests and material sent to parents identified as smokers throughout the year Promotion of protective parental behaviour to reduce child uptake of smoking through a DVD given to each child titled ‘Our Choice, Their Future’ Attempts to reduce the social supply of tobacco to minors through controlled purchase operations (CPO) visits every two months and through the display of posters developed by a student with the message ‘Don’t sell or offer cigarettes to children’ and ‘Report under 18 sales’ A smoke‐free art competition with winning pieces displayed on wallet cards for parents, posters for community displays and advertising on buses Communication with parents was conducted through newsletters, personal letters, a web site and face‐to‐face contact through presentations to school staff, parents and community groups, and showings of the DVD at community libraries during the school holidays Health promotion events included stalls at locally run sports or smoke‐free days in the community (e.g. at a local marae: traditional Māori meeting place), a family fun day, sponsored school events with prize giveaways, celebrity appearances, class‐based fun activities, cultural dance and music performances by students, enrolment with Māori cessation support services with quit‐cards, distribution of sample nicotine lozenges at events; Intervention staff set up stalls in local shopping malls to promote a ‘Quit and Win’ contest Control description/s: Not reported, assumed no intervention control Duration of intervention: Approximately 9 months, commencing at the beginning of each school year and waning mid‐term 4 Intervention delivered by: Study investigators
Outcomes	Method of outcome collection: Surveyed in class using self‐administered questionnaires Pre‐specified outcome data: Student smoking, parental smoking, smoking inside homes and cars Validation: For children whose parents consented, saliva‐cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide were collected at baseline and follow‐up Follow‐up period: Twelve months Number of follow‐up periods reported: One at 12 months Process measures: None reported Definition of tobacco use: Not reported
Starting date	2007 for baseline surveys
Contact information	Dr Marewa Glover e‐mail: m.glover@auckland.ac.nz
Notes	The primary outcome publication for this study was in construction at the time of this review completion, as such not all trial information was available.