Hanauer 2009.

Methods	RCT (2 arms, study duration 3 months)
Participants	Diabetes patients (aged 12 to 25 yrs) on insulin treatment (n = 40).
Interventions	The Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS) includes a web‐based module and a messaging/reminder module designed to run autonomously. Participants log into the system via a secure website where they can customize their schedule for reminder messages, and view, edit, and print their blood glucose (BG) diaries. Participants can opt to receive two daily factoids: one related to diabetes education/nutrition and one with trivia. At a pre‐set time, CARDS sends a reminder to check the BG either by cell phone text message (intervention) or by email (control). After a user submits a BG value, regardless of the result, (s)he receives positive feedback. If the submitted BG value is out of range, CARDS provides a warning to take appropriate action according to the healthcare team's recommendations, and then recheck the BG.
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: Number of BG results submitted. Secondary outcomes: HbA1c (%).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Participants were "randomized to receive reminders either via cell phone text messaging or by e‐mail". No further information on the method or randomisation was presented.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information on concealment.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Data presented for all patients randomised. Presumably no loss to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol was not available but data presented match the outcome measures described in the methods section. Likely free of selective reporting.
Other bias	Low risk	There were no significant differences between the email (control) and cell phone (intervention) groups at baseline; no other sources of bias were identified.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding of participants was not possible due to nature of the intervention. Blinding of researchers was not discussed, but likely not done. Unlikely to influence outcome measures.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information on blinding of outcome assessment.