Bloomer 2004.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial (parallel design)
Participants	Setting: laboratory; USA n = 18 healthy women age range 19 to 31 years (9 in each group) Inclusion/exclusion criteria Participants provided a medical history and completed physical activity and diet and supplementation questionnaires to determine eligibility. None had orthopaedic or metabolic conditions that could have affected the variables of measurement. All participants were non‐smokers, did not use oral contraceptives, anti‐inflammatory drugs or dietary supplements (i.e. antioxidants for at least the past 3 months), and all were classified as non‐resistance trained (i.e. had not performed resistance training in the past 12 months).
Interventions	Intervention 268 mg vitamin E, 1 g vitamin C, 90 µg selenium Placebo Lactose placebo pill 3 capsules per day Duration 18 days
Outcomes	PRIMARY Delayed onset muscle soreness in both arms using a visual analogue scale (0 to 10 cm) where 0 is "no pain" and 10 is "unbearable pain" Soreness was measured following active movement of elbow flexion or extension, as well as following light palpitation by the investigators SECONDARY Maximum isometric force was performed on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Ronkonkoma, NY). Participants were secured in the Biodex chair by shoulder and lap belts. Participants were asked to perform 3 maximal isometric unilateral contractions with their elbow flexors each lasting 3 seconds with 60 seconds rest in between each effort. Range of motion was measured both relaxed and flexed at the elbow. Range of motion was calculated as relaxed minus flexed.
Exercise type	4 sets of 12 repetitions of non‐dominant elbow flexors at an angular velocity of 20°/second
Sources of funding	None
Notes	Authors were contacted on 3 October 2013 to request raw data for delayed onset muscle soreness and maximal voluntary isometric contraction and responded on 1 November 2013
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	No details in manuscript Authors were contacted on 24 May 2016; response: "Likely via coin flip or random number selection"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Response: "Blinding code retained by person not associated with research and/or provided in sealed envelope"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants completed the study with 100% compliance
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No published protocol available All outcomes reported at all time points Adverse effects of antioxidant supplementation were not reported
Other bias	Low risk	Participants were non‐resistance trained and relatively inactive Participants were asked to refrain from using other supplements or anti‐inflammatory medication and oral contraceptives