He 2015.
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial (parallel design) | |
| Participants | Setting: laboratory, USA n = 22 moderately trained males age range 18 to 25 years Mean age supplement group 20.5 (SD 2.3) years n = 11 Mean age placebo group 21.3 (SD 4.0) years n = 11 Inclusion/exclusion criteria Exclusion criteria included people who smoke, take any medication that would alter cardiovascular or metabolic function, have musculoskeletal limitations or use anti‐inflammatory drugs. People who supplemented with vitamin C and vitamin E or other antioxidants within 3 months prior to the study were excluded. |
|
| Interventions |
Intervention Capsules 100 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E ingested daily for 2 weeks Placebo Maltodextrin capsules identical to supplement group Duration 17 days to 14 days before and 2 days after the downhill run |
|
| Outcomes |
PRIMARY Delayed onset muscle soreness of the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior using a visual analogue scale of 0 "no pain" to 6 "unbearable pain" |
|
| Exercise type | 40 minutes downhill running ‐10% grade at 65% to 70% VO2max | |
| Sources of funding | Funded by Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Donald L. Corrigan Professional Development Grant and Purdue Bilsland Strategic Initiative Fellowship | |
| Notes | Compliance with supplementation was 99.4% as assessed by random capsule count Authors were contacted to request raw data for delayed onset muscle soreness on 24 February 2016 and responded on 25 February 2016 |
|
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer generator |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Double‐blind |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Double‐blind |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Double‐blind |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All participants completed the study |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | No published protocol available All outcomes reported at all time points Adverse effects of antioxidant supplementation were not reported |
| Other bias | Low risk | Participants were asked to refrain from using anti‐inflammatory medication and other supplements |