McBride 1997.
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial (parallel design) | |
| Participants | Setting: laboratory; USA n = 12 males who were recreationally weight trained for at least 1 year Mean age placebo group 22.0 (SEM) 0.85 (n = 6) Mean age vitamin E group 21.17 (SEM) 0.65 (n = 6) Inclusion/exclusion criteria All participants were required to be recreationally weight trained with resistance training experience of at least 1 year. Participants had no medical problems (e.g. orthopaedic, endocrine, cardiovascular) that would confound the results of this investigation. |
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| Interventions |
Intervention 992 mg per day of vitamin E (1200 IU) Placebo Identical looking cellulose capsule ‐ no detail on contents Duration 2 weeks |
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| Outcomes |
PRIMARY Delayed onset muscle soreness, visual analogue scale (0 to 10 cm) where 0 is "no soreness" and 10 is "extremely sore" |
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| Exercise type | Heavy resistance exercise protocol | |
| Sources of funding | None | |
| Notes | 1 capsule taken daily | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details in the manuscript Authors were contacted via email on 14 May 2016 but no response |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details in the manuscript Authors were contacted via email on 14 May 2016 but no response |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No details in the manuscript Authors were contacted via email on 14 May 2016 but no response |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No details provided |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All participants completed the study |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | No published protocol available All outcomes reported at all time points Adverse effects of antioxidant supplementation were not reported |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | Diet was controlled using food records, however no details on whether participants were asked to refrain from using anti‐inflammatory medication, any other supplements or seeking any modality to reduce muscle soreness |