| Methods |
Country: USA (Portland, OR)
Recruitment: Internal medicine/family clinics |
| Participants |
2691 internal medicine/family clinic adults who reported being a smoker on a questionnaire |
| Interventions |
1. Brief physician advice (30 secs and pamphlet from nurse)
2. Brief physician message plus nurse who promoted self‐quit attempts ‐ advice, CO feedback, 10‐min video and manual (1 of 3 types) + follow‐up call and materials
3. Brief physician advice plus nurse‐promoted group programme ‐ advice, CO, + video‐ask to join group with schedule, coupon, etc, follow‐up calls
4. Brief physician advice, and nurse‐offered choice between self‐directed and group‐assisted quit ‐ shown both types of materials
Intensity: High |
| Outcomes |
Abstinence at 1 yr (2 point prevalence)
Validation: Saliva cotinine at 12 m |
| Notes |
All 3 nurse‐mediated interventions compared with 1. Saliva samples only obtained for approx half of reported quitters. Compliance and confirmation rates did not differ between groups |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
High risk |
"Two random digits contained in the patient's health record number were used to assign patients to one of ... four interventions." |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
High risk |
See above |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Smoking status missing for 24% of participants at 12 m; "response rates did not differ significantly across treatment groups." Non‐respondents counted as smokers |
