Trial ID	Reported subgroup	Publication of study (secondary reference of primary reference)
Da Qing 1997	BMI < 25 kg/m2 versus 25 kg/m2 or more The relative decrease in the rate of development of T2DM in the physical activity compared with control was similar in overweight and lean at the end of intervention	Pan 1997
DPP 2002	Age (N not provided for each subgroup in the intervention and control group of age) 25‐44 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 6.2 ; C: 11.6; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 48 (95% CI 27 to 63) 45‐59 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.7; C: 10.8; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 59 (95% CI 44 to 70) ≥ 60 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.1; C: 10.8; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 71 (95% CI 51 to 83) Sex Male; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.6 (N = 345); C: 12.5 (N = 335); reduction in incidence diet plus physical versus control 65 (95% CI 49 to 76) Female; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 5.0 (N = 734); C: 10.3 (N = 747); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 54 (95% CI 40 to 64) Race or ethnic group White: incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 5.2 (N = 580); C: 10.3 (N = 586); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 51 (95% CI 35 to 63) African; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 5.1 (N = 204); C: 12.4 (N = 220); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 61 (95% CI 37 to 76) Hispanic; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.2 (N = 178); C: 11.7 (N = 168); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 66 (95% CI 41 to 80) American Indian; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.7 (N = 60); C: 12.9 (N = 59); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 65 (95% CI 7 to 87) Asian; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.8 (N = 57); C: 12.1 (N = 49); reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 71 (95% CI 24 to 89) BMI (N not provided for each subgroup in the intervention and control group of BMI) 22 to < 30 kg/m2; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.3; C: 9.0; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 65 (95% CI 46 to 77) 30 to < 35 kg/m2; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.7; C: 8.9; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 61 (95% CI 40 to 75) 35 kg/m2 or above; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 7.3; C: 14.3; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 51 (95% CI 34 to 63) Fasting plasma glucose (N not provided for each subgroup in the intervention and control group of fasting plasma glucose) 5.3‐6.0 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 2.9; C: 6.4; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 55 (95% CI 38 to 68) 6.1‐6.9 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.7; C: 8.9; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 63 (95% CI 51 to 72) Plasma glucose 2 hours after an oral glucose load (N not provided for each subgroup in the intervention and control group of glucose values) 7.7‐8.5 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 1.8; C: 7.1; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 76 (95% CI 58 to 86) 8.6‐9.5 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.4; C: 10.3; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 60 (95% CI 41 to 72) 9.6‐11.0 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 8.5; C: 16.1; reduction in incidence diet plus physical activity versus control 50 (95% CI 33 to 63) P < 0.05 for the test of heterogeneity across strata	Knowler 2002
DPP 2002 (only participants with FPG < 7 mmol/L and HbA1c < 6.5% at baseline)	Diabetes incidence defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to ethnicity at the end of intervention All participants; diet plus physical activity 4.3/100 person years (N = 932); control 8.6/100 person years (N = 922) White participants; diet plus physical activity 4.7/100 person years (N = 539); control 8.5/100 person years (N = 534) African American; diet plus physical activity 4.1/100 person years (N = 161); control 8.0/100 person years (N = 147) Hispanic; diet plus physical activity 3.6/100 person years (N = 140); control 9.1/100 person years (N = 135) American Indian; diet plus physical activity 3.9/100 person years (N = 50); control 7.9/100 person years (N = 53) Asian American; diet plus physical activity 3.7/100 person years (N = 42); control 11.4/100 person years (N = 53) Diabetes incidence defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to ethnicity after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years All participants; diet plus physical activity 4.9/100 person years (N = 932); control 6.8/100 person years (N = 922) White participants; diet plus physical activity 4.7/100 person years (N = 539); control 6.1/100 person years (N = 534) African American; diet plus physical activity 6.1/100 person years (N = 161); control 8.8/100 person years (N = 147) Hispanic; diet plus physical activity 5.3/100 person years (N = 140); control 7.0/100 person years (N = 135) American Indian; diet plus physical activity 4.2/100 person years (N = 50); control 6.5/100 person years (N = 53) Asian American; diet plus physical activity 3.8/100 person years (N = 42); control 10.2/100 person years (N = 53) Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to ethnicity at the end of intervention All participants; diet plus physical activity 4.6/100 person years (N = 932); control 8.8/100 person years (N = 922) White participants; diet plus physical activity 3.8/100 person years (N = 539); control 6.7/100 person years (N = 534) African American; diet plus physical activity 10.0/100 person years (N = 161); control 18.3/100 person years (N = 147) Hispanic; diet plus physical activity 2.9/100 person years (N = 140); control 7.2/100 person years (N = 135) American Indian; diet plus physical activity 6.2/100 person years (N = 50); control 11.5/100 person years (N = 53) Asian American; diet plus physical activity 3.3/100 person years (N = 42); control 11.7/100 person years (N = 53) Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to ethnicity after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years All participants; diet plus physical activity 3.5/100 person years (N = 932); control 5.0/100 person years (N = 922) White participants; diet plus physical activity 3.1/100 person years (N = 539); control 4.1/100 person years (N = 534) African American; diet plus physical activity 5.8/100 person years (N = 161); control 9.2/100 person years (N = 147) Hispanic; diet plus physical activity 3.0/100 person years (N = 140); control 4.6/100 person years (N = 135) American Indian; diet plus physical activity 4.6/100 person years (N = 50); control 5.9/100 person years (N = 53) Asian American; diet plus physical activity 3.5/100 person years (N = 42); control 6.3/100 person years (N = 53) Diabetes incidence defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to HbA1c at baseline at the end of intervention (read from figure) HbA1c < 5.5%; diet plus physical activity 3.3/100 person years (N = 182); control 5.3/100 person years (N = 186) HbA1c between 5.5% ‐5.9%; diet plus physical activity 3.3/100 person years (N = 394); control 8/100 person years (N = 385) HbA1c between 6.0% ‐6.4%; diet plus physical activity 3.2/100 person years (N = 346); control 11.7/100 person years (N = 361) Diabetes defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to HbA1c at baseline after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years (read from figure) HbA1c < 5.5%; diet plus physical activity 4.7/100 person years (N = 182); control 4.7/100 person years (N = 186) HbA1c between 5.5% ‐5.9%; diet plus physical activity 4.0/100 person years (N = 394); control 6.8/100 person years (N = 385) HbA1c between 6.0%‐6.4%; diet plus physical activity 6.7/100 person years (N = 346); control 9.0/100 person years (N = 361) Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to HbA1c at baseline at the end of intervention (read from figure) HbA1c < 5.5%; diet plus physical activity 0.40/100 person years (N = 182); control 0.50/100 person years (N = 186) HbA1c between 5.5%‐5.9%; diet plus physical activity 2.3/100 person years (N = 394); control 4.6/100 person years (N = 385) HbA1c between 6.0%6.4%; diet plus physical activity 9.2/100 person years (N = 346); control 21.5/100 person years (N = 361) T2DM incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to HbA1c at baseline after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years (read from figure) HbA1c < 5.5%; diet plus physical activity 1.6/100 person years (N = 182); control 0.8/100 person years (N = 186) HbA1c between 5.5%‐5.9%; diet plus physical activity 2.7/100 person years (N = 394); control 3.5/100 person years (N = 385) HbA1c between 6.0%‐6.4%; diet plus physical activity 6.2/100 person years (N = 346); control 11.5/100 person years (N = 361) T2DM incidence defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to sex and age at baseline at the end of intervention (read from figure) Men < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 3.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 9.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Men 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 3.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 7.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Men ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 2.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 10.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 5.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.8/100 person years (N = unknown) Women 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 4.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 7.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Women ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 2.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 4.5/100 person years (N = unknown) T2DM incidence defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2 hour plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to sex and age at baseline after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years (read from figure) Men < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 5.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Men 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 5.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 6.8/100 person years (N = unknown) Men ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 3.8/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 6.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 7.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Women 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 4.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 7.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 2.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 4.5/100 person years (N = unknown) T2DM incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to sex and age at baseline at the end of intervention (read from figure) Men < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 3.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 9.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Men 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 3.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Men ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 1.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 10.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 5.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 5.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 8.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Women ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 3.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 7.5/100 person years (N = unknown) T2DM incidence defined by HbA1c ≥ 6.5% according to sex and age at baseline after a follow‐up period of 9.9 years (read from figure) Men < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 4.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 6.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Men 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 2.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 5.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Men ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 1.5/100 person years (N = unknown); control 5.5/100 person years (N = unknown) Women < 45 years; diet plus physical activity 5.0/100 person years (N = unknown); control 5.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women 45‐59 years; diet plus physical activity 3.3/100 person years (N = unknown); control 4.0/100 person years (N = unknown) Women ≥ 60 years; diet plus physical activity 1.8/100 person years (N = unknown); control 3.5/100 person years (N = unknown)	Knowler 2014
DPS 2001	Sex Male (N = 172); incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 3.7 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.2); C: 6.8 (95% CI 5.8 to 12.6); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.43 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.81) Female (N = 350); incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.3 (95% CI 3.0 to 6.2); C: 6.9 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.2); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.61 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.97) P interaction 0.33 Age < 51 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 6.0 (95% CI 3.9 to 9.2); C: 7.6 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.2); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.77 (95% CI 0.44 to 1.38) 51‐61 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.0 (95% CI 2.3 to 6.7); C: 8.0 (95% CI 5.5 to 11.5); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.49 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.93) > 61 years; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 2.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.7); C: 6.6 (95% CI 4.2 to 10.3); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.36 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.80) P interaction 0.0130 BMI < 28.7 kg/m2; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 1.7 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.7); C: 5.2 (95% CI 3.3 to 8.1); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.32 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.79) 28.7‐32.3 kg/m2; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.8 (95% CI 3.0 to 7.7); C: 7.9 (95% CI 5.3 to 11.9); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.59 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.10) > 32.3 kg/m2; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 5.8 (95% CI 3.8 to 8.9); C: 9.6 (95% CI 6.7 to 13.8); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.60 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.04) P interaction 0.75 Fasting plasma glucose < 5.8 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 2.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.5); C: 3.8 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.6); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.63 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.45) 5.8‐6.4 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 2.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.1); C: 6.9 (95% CI 4.6 to 10.4); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.37 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.79) > 6.4 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 7.7 (95% CI 5.2 to 11.5); C: 12.2 (95% CI 8.8 to 17.0); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.62 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.03) P interaction 0.68 Plasma glucose 2 hours after an oral glucose load < 8.2 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 1.3 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.0); C: 5.3 (95% CI 3.4 to 8.4); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.23 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.61) 8.2‐9.3 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 4.2 (95% CI 2.5 to 6.9); C: 5.8 (95% CI 3.7 to 9.1); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.70 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.37) > 9.3 mmol/L; incidence (cases/100 person years); I: 7.6 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.3); C: 12.0 (95% CI 8.6 to 16.8); HR diet plus physical activity versus control 0.62 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.04) P interaction 0.69 Number of participants in each tertile was roughly 174	Lindström 2008