| Methods |
Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study |
| Participants |
9 patients with multiple sclerosis |
| Interventions |
10 mg nifedipine 3× daily or matching placebo |
| Outcomes |
Numbers of attacks, outings; preference |
| Notes |
2/9 excluded owing to incomplete diary data, and 2 others owing to different temperatures between treatment periods; thus results for 5/9 participants |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Evidence insufficient for judgement of risk |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Evidence insufficient for judgement of risk |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Described as a double‐blind study |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Participant diary used for subjective assessments |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
4/9 participants excluded owing to incomplete diary or to differences in temperature between 2 study periods |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Low risk |
None detected |
| Other bias |
Unclear risk |
Evidence insufficient for judgement of risk |
