Table 3. Studies Reflecting Cisplatin-Associated Hearing Loss in Children.

Study	Country	Type of study	Audiological tests conducted	Patient population	No. of patients who developed ototoxicity
Nitz et al 38	Germany	Prospective longitudinal trinational population based	Air (0.125–8 kHz) conduction pure tone audiometry	93 patients with osteosarcoma and 19 with soft-tissue sarcoma receiving cisplatin and/or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy	55 (49.1%)
Knight et al 45	USA	Prospective	Otoscopy, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry (0.5–8 kHz), DPOAEs, and ABR Otoscopy, tympanometry, extended pure tone audiometry (0.5–16 kHz), and DPOAEs	32 children with different types of cancers treated with cisplatin- and/or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy 17 children with different types of cancers treated with cisplatin- and/or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy	20 (62.5%) 16 (94.1%)
Coradini et al 34	Brazil	Retrospective	Tympanometry, pure tone audiometry (0.25–8 kHz), TEOAEs, and DPOAEs	23 children with malignant hepatic tumor, osteosarcoma, and germ cell tumors receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy	Pure tone—12 (52%), TEOAEs—5 (22%), DPOAEs—16 (71%)
Bertolini et al 46	France	Prospective	Otoscopy, immittance audiometry, speech audiometry, play audiometry or free-field audiometry, conventional pure tone audiometry or ABR (depending on the age of the participant)	102 children with either neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, germ cell tumor, or osteosarcoma, 96 received cisplatin- and/or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy, 52 received cisplatin only	- 39 (41%) 19 (37%)
Stavroulaki et al 47	Greece	Prospective	Otoscopy, immittance audiometry, pure tone audiometry (0.25–8 kHz), TEOAEs, and DPOAEs	12 children with neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or primitive neuroectodermal tumor receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy	6 (50%)

Abbreviations: ABR, auditory brainstem response; DPOAEs, distortion product otoacoustic emissions; TEOAE, transient evoked otoacoustic emission.