Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of PP and CC groups*
| Characteristic | PP (n=14) | CC (n=11) | Test statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age; mean (SD) | 42.6 (12.8) | 48.9 (13.2) | t = 1.20 | .24 |
| Female gender | 9 (64) | 8 (73) | Χ2 = 0.20 | .65 |
| Caucasian race | 12 (86) | 10 (91) | Χ2 = 0.83 | .66 |
| Lives alone | 5 (36) | 1 (9) | Χ2 = 2.39 | .12 |
| Employed or student | 5 (36) | 3 (27) | Χ2 = 0.20 | .65 |
| Psychiatric characteristics | ||||
| Prior hospitalization** | 10 (71) | 9 (90) | Χ2 = 1.22 | .27 |
| Prior suicide attempt** | 7 (50) | 6 (60) | Χ2 = 0.24 | .63 |
| History of substance use disorder | 9 (64) | 8 (73) | Χ2 = 0.20 | .65 |
| Treatments at discharge | ||||
| Mood stabilizer | 7 (50) | 8 (73) | Χ2 = 1.33 | .25 |
| Lithium | 7 (50) | 4 (36) | Χ2 = 0.46 | .50 |
| Antipsychotic | 8 (57) | 8 (73) | Χ2 = 0.65 | .42 |
| Antidepressant | 8 (57) | 6 (55) | Χ2 = 0.02 | .90 |
| Anxiolytic | 5 (36) | 3 (27) | Χ2 = 0.20 | .65 |
| Referral for ECT | 2 (14) | 3 (27) | Χ2 = 0.65 | .42 |
| Referral for partial hospital program | 4 (29) | 3 (27) | Χ2 = 0.01 | .94 |
| Baseline psychological characteristics; mean (SD) | ||||
| Optimism (LOT-R; range 0–24) | 7.0 (5.8) | 8.8 (6.9) | t = 0.72 | .48 |
| Gratitude (GQ-6; range 6–42) | 27.9 (5.6) | 27.0 (6.6) | t = −0.38 | .71 |
| Positive affect (PANAS; range 10–50) | 18.5 (6.3) | 16.7 (7.5) | t = −0.64 | .53 |
| Hopelessness (BHS; range 0–20) | 12.3 (6.9) | 12.4 (6.4) | t = 0.03 | .98 |
| Suicidal ideation (CHRT; range 0–48) | 13.9 (8.6) | 23.2 (14.0) | t = 2.03 | .05 |
| Depression (QIDS-SR; range 0–27) | 15.8 (5.7) | 18.8 (5.1) | t = 1.38 | .18 |
*
All variables are presented as n (%) unless specified.
**
n=10 in CC
BHS = Beck Hopelessness Scale; CC = control condition; CHRT = Concise Health Risk Tracking; GQ-6 = Gratitude Questionnaire-6; LOT-R = Life Orientation Test – Revised; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PP = positive psychology; QIDS-SR = 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self-Report