Fig. 4. Diet-induced obesity and blunted energy expenditure in p110β KO^sf1 mice.

a Body weights of male mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks. b Body composition (18–20 weeks) of male mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks. c Gonadal fat pad weights of male mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks. d Changes in O₂ consumption before and after HFD feeding. The star indicates a significant difference at a specific time point (15:00 h). e Temporal change in O₂ consumption before and after HFD feeding. f Cumulative food intake before and after HFD feeding. g Total movement. h Respiratory exchange ratio. i Leptin, j insulin, k fasted glucose, l serum triglyceride (TG), m serum free fatty acid, n liver TG, o serum cholesterol, and p liver cholesterol levels in control and p110β KO^sf1 mice fed a HFD. Number of animals examined is expressed in parentheses in each graph. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 by Student’s t-test