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Proposed mechanism of crosstalk within the osteochondral unit. Small molecules can diffuse through blood vessels and the canalicular network in healthy synovial joints (A). In osteoarthritic joints, in addition to the formation of osteophytes, subchondral bone cysts, and cartilage degeneration, angiogenesis and the formation of fissures may cause an increase in transport of inflammatory, osteoclast, and cartilage degradation factors (B).
