Fig. 1.

Schematic overview of demographic simulations. (A) Simulations were initiated in the LGM landscape (shown here for C. cordiformis) from a central deme (see red dot as an example) plus an area extending three additional demes (black dots) in all directions. Different geographic sources of expansion were modeled as selected from a uniform geographic prior (red rectangle). Per deme carrying capacities were scaled relative to maximum carrying capacity (K_max) according to habitat suitability from an SDM. (B) Individuals were allowed to colonize the landscape with relative carrying capacities shifting from the LGM to present.