Fig. 4.

Net effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality depending on the number of biodiversity attributes and multifunctionality thresholds considered. These effects are presented at (A) 30%, (B) 50%, and (C) 70% thresholds and are based on the number of plant diversity attributes retained in all models after the backward model selection procedure. The net effect was calculated as the sum of the standardized regression coefficients of all biodiversity attributes selected during the model selection procedures. Note that we used a violin function to highlight the density of points and a jitter function to visualize the data distribution.