Table 2. Relevant variables for muscle-tendon unit (MTU), Achilles tendon (AT) and fascicles (F) of gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SOL) behavior during the stance phase of running at preferred speed.

		Training group			Control group
		pre	post	diff	pre	post	diff
Lengthening (mm)	MTU GM	26 ± 10	30 ± 9	5 ± 7	19 ± 7	19 ± 7	0 ± 2
	MTU SOL	26 ± 10	32 ± 9	6 ± 8	21 ± 7	22 ± 7	0 ± 2
	AT	8 ± 3	8 ± 2	0 ± 4	10 ± 3	11 ± 4	1 ± 2
Shortening (mm)	MTU GM	26 ± 4	27 ± 7	1 ± 4	21 ± 8	22 ± 7	1 ± 3
	MTU SOL	27 ± 4	29 ± 8	2 ± 5	22 ± 9	23 ± 7	1 ± 3
	ATa	13 ± 2	9 ± 4c	4 ± 4	10 ± 3	10 ± 3	1 ± 2
	F GM	18 ± 5	20 ± 2	2 ± 5	19 ± 5	20 ± 4	1 ± 4
	F SOL	10 ± 3	11 ± 3	1 ± 2	8 ± 3	10 ± 2	2 ± 3
Shortening vel (mm s−1)	F GM	179 ± 51	205 ± 41	26 ± 50	163 ± 48	166 ± 17	3 ± 41
	F SOL	108 ± 41	133 ± 41	25 ± 40	95 ± 22	114 ± 17	19 ± 25
AGRs	GMb	1.06 ± 0.03	1.09 ± 0.03c	0.03 ± 0.04	1.07 ± 0.03	1.08 ± 0.02	0.0 ± 0.02
	SOL	1.06 ± 0.11	1.05 ± 0.11	0.01 ± 0.08	1.12 ± 0.09	1.15 ± 0.09	0.03 ± 0.07
Change in pennation(°)	GMa,b	7.7 ± 3.4	10.2 ± 2.2c	2.5 ± 2.7	9.4 ± 3.2	9.7 ± 2.0	0.3 ± 2.5
	SOL	8.8 ± 2.8	9.8 ± 4.1	1.0 ± 3.1	9.6 ± 3.1	12.6 ± 3.8	2.9 ± 4.4
Thickness change (mm)	GM	0.8 ± 0.9	0.6 ± 1.0	0.1 ± 1.1	0.7 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.6	0.1 ± 0.7
	SOL	3.2 ± 2.9	3.7 ± 2.2	0.5 ± 1.4	2.5 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.4	0.5 ± 1.4
Force (N)	AT	4315 ± 1646	4041 ± 1331	274 ± 1142	3632 ± 765	3765 ± 917	133 ± 279

Notes.

Values are means ± sd.

^aP < 0.05 interaction effect.

^bP < 0.05 main effect of time.

^cP < 0.05 comparing pre- and post-intervention test.

diff

absolute difference between pre- and post- intervention test

Architectural gear ratio during stance (AGRs) was calculated as the ratio between the projected fascicle length change (fascicle length multiplied by the cosine of pennation angle) and fascicle length change during the stance phase.