Table II.

Childhood exposures to violence, demographics, and forced sexual initiation among sexually active girls and young women (n = 595) aged 13-24 years in Malawi, 2013

	Forced sexual initiation
Characteristics	Weighted % (n/N)	OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)*	P value
Demographics
Age of survey participant
13-17 years	52.0 (49/94)	1.87 (1.23-2.84)	.004	0.89(0.50-1.61)	0.71
18-24 years	36.7 (190/501)	Referent		Referent
Marital status
Unmarried	64.6 (62/109)	3.64 (1.71-7.73)	.001	3.54 (1.22-10.27)	.02
Married or living as married†	33.4 (177/486)	Referent		Referent
Childhood exposure to violence
Any physical violence‡
Yes	43.0 (129/281)	1.37(0.86-2.18)	.18	1.17(0.68-2.02)	.56
No	35.6 (102/295)	Referent		Referent
Any emotional violence§
Yes	56.9 (73/150)	2.72 (1.61-4.60)	<.001	2.47 (1.45-4.24)	.001
No	32.7 (160/437)	Referent		Referent
Any nonpenetrative sexual violence¶
Yes	47.5 (93/179)	1.63 (1.08-2.49)	.02	1.31 (0.86-2.01)	.2
No	35.6 (146/416)	Referent		Referent

^*Adjusted for age at time of survey, marital status, age at sexual debut.

^†Ever married or ever living together.

^‡Physical violence defined as respondent being punched, kicked, whipped, beat, choked, smothered, attempted drowning, intentionally burnt by a parent, adult in the household, adult in the community, or peer before age 18 years.

^§violence defined as respondent being told as a child by her parents or caregivers that she was not loved; that they wished she had never been born; or she was ridiculed or put down before age 18 years.

^¶Nonpenetrative sexual violence defined as unwanted sexual touching; participation in explicit photos, videos or webcam; or unwanted attempted sex at any age, but preceding sexual debut.