Table III.

Childhood exposures to different forms of violence and forced sexual initiation among Malawian girls and young women aged 13-24 years (n = 569) who ever had sex, 2013^*

	Forced first sexual intercourse
Characteristics	Weighted % (n/N)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)†	P value
Forms of violence experienced in childhood
None	32.6 (153/422)	1.00 (Reference)	–	1.00 (Reference)	–
EV only‡	55.7 (13/32)	2.60 (0.89-7.57)	.08	3.04 (1.01-9.12)	.048
EV + 1 form of violence (PV or NPSV)§	55.4 (26/60)	3.38 (1.55-7.34)	.003	2.50 (1.23-5.09)	.01
EV + 2 forms of violence (PV and NPSV)	62.0 (34/55)	2.57 (1.15-5.76)	.02	2.61 (1.20-5.67)	.02

EV, Emotional violence; NPSV, nonpenetrative sexual violence; PV physical violence.

^*Only participants who answered questions on all forms of violence were included in analysis (n = 569).

^†Adjusted for age at time of survey, marital status, age at sexual debut.

^‡EV defined as respondent being told as a child by her parents or caregivers that she was not loved; that they wished she had never been born; or she was ridiculed or put down before age 18 years.

^§NPSV is defined as sexual exploitation, transactional sex, unwanted touching, or attempted sex at any age but preceding sexual debut. PV is defined as respondent being punched, kicked, whipped, beat, choked, smothered, attempted drowning, intentionally burnt by a parent, adult in the household, adult in the community, or peer before age 18 years.