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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2019 Feb 2;156(7):2085–2096. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.044

Figure 2. Effects of cardinal genomic alterations in PDA may disparately influence fibroblast context, function and heterogeneity.

Figure 2.

Activating Kras mutation in pancreatic epithelial cells induces production of Il-6 and Shh, which help convert quiescent PSC to activated fibroblasts. Subsequent mutation of Trp53, loss of Smad4 and/or silencing of Cdkn2a in the neoplastic epithelium may differentially shape the ECM through distinct mechanisms of paracrine signaling to fibroblasts.