Table 3.
Drug use by gestational age for babies completing all 4 visits follow-up visits (n=641).
| Drug | All babies (n = 641*) | 23 0/7–24 6/7 (n = 83*) | 25 0/7–25 6/7 (n = 98*) | 26 0/7–26 6/7 (n = 135*) | 27 0/7–27 6/7 (n=169*) | 28 0/7–28 6/7 (n = 156*) | P-value (Fisher**) | P-value (Trend***) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No respiratory drug at at least one visit | 579 (90.3%) | 70 (84.3%) | 86 (87.8%) | 120 (88.9%) | 157 (92.9%) | 146 (93.6%) | 0.1029 | 0.0071 |
| At least one drug | 350 (54.6%) | 60 (72.3%) | 63 (64.3%) | 77 (57.0%) | 87 (51.5%) | 63 (40.4%) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| No exposure to any drug | 291 (45,4%) | 23 (27.7%) | 35 (35.7%) | 58 (43.0%) | 82 (48.5%) | 93 (59.6%) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Diuretic | 79 (12.3%) | 24 (28.9%) | 21 (21.4%) | 14 (10.4%) | 15 (8.9%) | 5 (3.2%) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Amiloride | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Bumetanide | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | ||
| Chlorothiazide | 37 (5.8%) | 14 (16.9%) | 9 (9.2%) | 8 (5.9%) | 5 (3.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Furosemide | 31 (4.8%) | 7 (8.4%) | 9 (9.2%) | 6 (4.4%) | 7 (4.1%) | 2 (1.3%) | ||
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 24 (3.7%) | 7 (8.4%) | 9 (9.2%) | 3 (2.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | ||
| Spironolactone | 43 (6.7%) | 16 (19.3%) | 13 (13.3%) | 5 (3.7%) | 7 (4.1%) | 2 (1.3%) | ||
| Inhaled Bronchodilator | 292 (45.6%) | 46 (55.4%) | 50 (51.0%) | 67 (49.6%) | 71 (42.0%) | 58 (37.2%) | 0.0311 | 0.0014 |
| Albuterol | 290 (45.2%) | 45 (54.2%) | 50 (51.0%) | 67 (49.6%) | 70 (41.4%) | 58 (37.2%) | ||
| Formoterol | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ipratropium | 11 (1.7%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (3.1%) | 4 (3.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Racemic epinephrine | 12 (1.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0 | 6 (3.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Inhaled Steroid | 140 (21.8%) | 25 (30.1%) | 28 (28.6%) | 30 (22.2%) | 36 (21.3%) | 21 (13.5%) | 0.0121 | 0.0007 |
| Beclomethasone | 15 (2.3%) | 3 (3.6%) | 2 (2.0%) | 4 (3.0%) | 5 (3.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Budesonide | 102 (15.9%) | 15 (18.1%) | 21 (21.4%) | 21 (15.6%) | 28 (16.6%) | 17 (10.9%) | ||
| Fluticasone | 40 (6.2%) | 10 (12.0%) | 11 (11.2%) | 7 (5.2%) | 7 (4.1%) | 5 (3.2%) | ||
| Leukotriene receptor antagonist | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0.2352 | 0.0827 |
| Montelukast | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Methylxanthine | 19 (3.0%) | 6 (7.2%) | 5 (5.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (3.0%) | 0 | 0.0066 | 0.0013 |
| Aminophylline | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | ||
| Caffeine | 18 (2.8%) | 5 (6.0%) | 5 (5.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (3.0%) | 0 | ||
| Theophylline | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pulmonary Vasodilator | 5 (0.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 2 (1.3%) | 0.1710 | 0.5704 |
| Sildenafil | 5 (0.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 2 (1.3%) | ||
| Systemic Corticosteroid | 96 (15.0%) | 14 (16.9%) | 17 (17.3%) | 21 (15.6%) | 25 (14.8%) | 19 (12.2%) | 0.7756 | 0.2308 |
| Dexamethasone | 29 (4.5%) | 4 (4.8%) | 7 (7.1%) | 5 (3.7%) | 9 (5.3%) | 4 (2.6%) | ||
| Hydrocortisone | 9 (1.4%) | 3 (3.6%) | 2 (2.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Methylprednisolone | 5 (0.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||
| Prednisone/prednisolone | 70 (10.9%) | 10 (12.0%) | 12 (12.2%) | 16 (11.9%) | 17 (10.1%) | 15 (9.6%) |
*
Includes only babies who completed all four visits.
**
Fisher’s exact test of association between drug use and gestational age; and
***
Cochran-Armitage test of trend between drug use and gestational age.