Table 3.
Factors Associated with Age-Appropriate Restraint Use Among Fatally Injured Children 4–7 Years Old, United States, 2011–2015
| Characteristic | Total* | Age-appropriate CRS use, % | Crude RR | Adjusted RR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | ||||
| 929 | 32 | ||||||
| Child | |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| 4 | 269 | 38 | 2.55 | (1.78, 3.65) | 2.57 | (1.76, 3.75) | |
| 5 | 237 | 37 | 2.39 | (1.68, 3.4C) | 2.51 | (1.72, 3.64) | |
| 6 | 212 | 33 | 2.28 | (1.59, 3.29) | 2.18 | (1.46, 3.25) | |
| 7 | 211 | 16 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 463 | 34 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Male | 466 | 29 | 1.17 | (0.97, 1.42) | 0.97 | (0.83, 1.15) | |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 598 | 36 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Black | 179 | 19 | 0.53 | (0.38, 0.73) | 0.62 | (0.45, 0.84) | |
| Other | 69 | 23 | 0.64 | (0.41, 1.02) | 0.72 | (0.47, 1.10) | |
| Driverⱡ | |||||||
| Age (Years) | |||||||
| ≤24 Years | 155 | 26 | 0.79 | (0.59, 1.06) | 0.74 | (0.56, 0.98) | |
| 25–39 Years | 574 | 33 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| ≤40 Years | 199 | 33 | 1.01 | (0.80, 1.28) | 0.98 | (0.79, 1.21) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 548 | 33 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Male | 381 | 29 | 0.86 | (0.71, 1.06) | 1.05 | (0.89, 1.25) | |
| Lap-Shoulder Belt Use | |||||||
| Yes | 649 | 39 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| No | 231 | 15 | 0.38 | (0.27, 0.54) | 0.40 | (0.28, 0.59) | |
| Alcohol use | |||||||
| Yes | 120 | 20 | 0.61 | (0.42, 0.88) | 0.72 | (0.50, 1.04) | |
| No | 809 | 33 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Vehicleⱡ | |||||||
| Vehicle Type | |||||||
| Passenger car | 483 | 36 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Pickup truck | 85 | 20 | 0.57 | (0.36, 0.88) | 0.62 | (0.40, 0.95) | |
| Van | 114 | 37 | 1.00 | (0.76, 1.33) | 0.89 | (0.66, 1.21) | |
| SUV | 247 | 25 | 0.70 | (0.55, 0.90) | 0.75 | (0.58, 0.97) | |
| Vehicle Model Year | |||||||
| ≥ 2010 | 92 | 46 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| 2005–2009 | 233 | 39 | 0.86 | (0.65, 1.13) | 0.79 | (0.63, 0.99) | |
| ≤ 2004 | 602 | 27 | 0.59 | (0.45, 0.76) | 0.72 | (0.57, 0.90) | |
| Crashⱡ | |||||||
| Weekend | |||||||
| Yes | 377 | 29 | 0.85 | (0.70, 1.04) | 0.85 | (0.69, 1.03) | |
| No | 552 | 34 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
| Speed Limit | |||||||
| <55mph | 295 | 25 | 0.73 | (0.58, 0.91) | 0.78 | (0.62, 0.98) | |
| 55 mph or greater | 607 | 35 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |
Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval
*
The total number of observations in the multivariate model is less than 929
ⱡ
The distribution of this factor exclusively reflects the child as the unit of analysis Note: bolded results indicate significance of p<0.05 in the adjusted analysis