Table 2.
Comparison of ever- and never-smokers
| Control Never-smoker (n = 9) |
Control Ever-smoker (n = 9) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1 (l) | 3.1 ± 0.68 | 2.5 ± 0.54 | 0.05 |
| FEV1 (% pred.) | 103.8 ± 21.5 | 99.3 ± 19.9 | 0.28 |
| FVC (l) | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 0.02 |
| FVC (% pred.) | 112.3 ± 19.1 | 102.9 ± 17.0 | 0.3 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 76.8 ± 3.8 | 79.6 ± 3.7 | 0.13 |
| RV (l) | 2.56 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.67 | 0.17 |
| TLC (l) | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 0.11 |
| RV/TLC (%) | 37.1 ± 6.3 | 36.4 ± 10.22 | 0.74 |
| Raw (kPa*s/l) | 0.26 ± 0.8 | 0.31 ± 0.4 | 0.27 |
| hsCRP (mg/l) | 1.4/0.50–3.8/ | 1.9/0.7–4.9/ | 0.18 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 3.3/2.55–4.13/ | 3.7/1.65–5.75/ | 0.29 |
| suPAR (ng/ml) | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.08 |
| ED-1 (fmol/ml) | 0.29/0.0–3.1/ | 1.17/0.3–6.1/ | 0.11 |
| SBPbr (mmHg) | 129 ± 11.1 | 131 ± 8.4 | 0.76 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 8.6 | 76 ± 6.4 | 0.71 |
| HR (min) | 67 ± 8.6 | 71 ± 17.8 | 0.52 |
| PP (mmHg) | 51.1 ± 6.9 | 52.0 ± 6.1 | 0.78 |
| SBPao (mmHg) | 122/98–142/ | 129/113–148/ | 0.71 |
| SBPao–SBPbr (mmHg) | − 5/− 10 to 2/ | − 1.1/− 11 to 7/ | 0.18 |
| Aix% | − 12.2 ± 23.6 | − 2.6 ± 33.0 | 0.49 |
| ED (ms) | 320.0 ± 25.9 | 321.1 ± 33.1 | 0.94 |
| PWVao (m/s) | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 0.03 |
| RT (ms) | 127.7 ± 15.8 | 102.7 ± 16.3 | < 0.01 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median /range/or percentage. Significant differences are highlighted in bold
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, RV residual volume, TLC total lung capacity, Raw: airway resistance, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, suPAR soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, ED-1 endothelin-1, SBPbr brachial systolic blood pressure, DBP brachial diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, PP pulse pressure, SBPao the central blood pressure, SBPao SBPbr pressure amplification, Aix Augmentation Index, ED ejection duration, PWVao aortic pulse wave velocity, RT return time