Table 3.
Behaviour change techniques identified in each intervention
| Very promising (significant between group difference at post intervention follow-up) | Quite promising (significant change from baseline to post intervention follow-up) | Not promising (no significant between or within group differences) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCT no. | BCT label | Baumann et al (71) | Kanera et al (54) | Rogers et al (57) | Pinto et al (69) | Hawkes et al (39) | Mutrie et al (55) | Rogers (37) | Pinto et al (56) | Dhillon et al (70) | Pinto et al (46) | Witlox et al (48) | Stolley et al (74) | Belanger et al (40) | Demark-Wahnefried (38) | Ottenbacher et al (44) | Vallance et al (52) | Leclerc et al (72) | Lee et al (50) | Adams et al (42) | Mayer et al (73) | Pinto et al (45) | Galvo et al (53) | James et al (43) | Carmack et al (51) | O’Neil et al (49) | Sandler et al (47) | Nyrop et al (41) | Total number of studies using BCT |
| 1.1 | Goal setting (behaviour) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 25 | ||
| 1.2 | Problem solving | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | |||||||||
| 1.3 | Goal setting (outcome) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.4 | Action planning | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 | ||||||||||||
| 1.5 | Review behaviour goal(s) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1.6 | Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.9 | Commitment | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.2 | Feedback on behaviour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2.3 | Self-monitoring of behaviour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 22 | |||||
| 2.6 | Biofeedback | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.7 | Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Social support (unspecified) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | ||||||
| 3.2 | Social support (practical) staff | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Instruction on how to perform a behaviour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 | ||||||||
| 4.2 | Information about antecedents | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.1 | Information about health consequences | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||
| 5.2 | Salience of consequences | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.3 | Information about social and environmental consequences | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.6 | Information about emotional consequences | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.1 | Demonstration of behaviour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 7.1 | Prompts/cues | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8.1 | Behavioural practice/rehearsal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8.6 | Generalisation of a target behaviour | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8.7 | Graded tasks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | |||||||||||||
| 9.1 | Credible source | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 | ||||||||
| 9.2 | Pros and cons | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4 | Social reward | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 11.2 | Reduce negative emotions | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.5 | Adding objects to the environment | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 | ||||||||||
| 13.2 | Framing/reframing | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15.1 | Verbal persuasion about capabilities | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total No. BCTs | 2 | 13 | 20 | 12 | 16 | 9 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 4 | 5 | 9 | ||
Mayer et al. report changes to the intervention during the study so not all BCTs would have been available to all participants