Figure 3.

Melatonin alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. (a) The correlation between different concentrations of H₂O₂ and ROS production (n = 3 per group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group). (b) The correlation among different concentrations of melatonin (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM) and cell viability without H₂O₂, n = 3 per group. (c) The correlation among different concentrations of melatonin (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM) and cell viability with H₂O₂ (400 μM) (n = 3 per group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group, ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 vs. the H₂O₂ group). (d) Melatonin (100 μM) alleviated oxidative stress in the H₂O₂ (400 μM) model (n = 3 per group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group, ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 vs. the H₂O₂ group). (e–i) Western blot of cyto-c, NOX2, NOQ1, and Nrf2 (n = 3 per group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the H₂O₂ group). (j–l) Immunostaining of cyto-c and NOX2 (n = 10 per group, ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01).