TABLE 2.

Factors Associated With Low Medication Adherence: Univariate Analysis

Category	Factor	OR (95% Cl)	p value
Depression	Depressive symptoms (ref: minimal)
	Mild	2.59(1.72–3.88)	<0.0001
	Moderate	3.50(2.17–5.64)	<0.0001
	Moderately severe/Severe	4.32(2.61–7.13)	<0.0001
Individual factors	Self-efficacy (1-unit ↓)	1.18(1.10–1.26)	<0.0001
	Poor satisfaction with care	2.06(1.20–3.55)	0.009
	Sex (female)	2.72(1.41–5.23)	0.0028
	Age (1-year ↓)	1.02(1.01–1.03)	0.001
Socioeconomic and healthcare factors	Education (3-year ↑)	1.09(0.92–1.29)	0.32
	Uninsured or underinsured	1.18(0.86–1.63)	0.31
	Living below the poverty line	1.16(0.83–1.61)	0.39
	Single or living alone	1.13 (0.80–1.59)	0.5
	Patient-physician communication:
	Hurried communication (1-unit ↑)	1.53 (1.18–1.99)	0.0012
	Shared decision-making (1-unit ↓)	1.25 (1.06–1.47)	0.0082
	Compassioned style (1-unit ↓)	1.60(1.21–2.10)	0.0009
	Visited mental health providers in past year	0.96(0.60–1.55)	0.87
Disease-related factors	Poor/fair health	1.77(1.28–2.44)	0.0005
	Disease activity score (3-unit ↑)	1.17(1.11–1.24)	<0.0001
	Severe organ damage	1.11 (0.81–1.52)	0.52
	No. medications (1-unit ↑)	0.96(0.87–1.06)	0.44

The symbols ↑ and ↓ in parenthesis do not represent longitudinal change of scores; they denote the model’s response to the indicated changes in covariates.