Table 1.
Trauma Population Characteristics by Sex (n=464)
| Characteristic | Female (n=106) | Male (n=358) | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, median (25th–75th IQR) | |||
| Age, y | 48.0 (27.8–61.6) | 34.0 (25.3–51.0) | 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (22.5–28.2) | 25.8 (23.1–29.0) | 0.18 |
| Injury characteristic | |||
| Time from injury to arrival, min | 28 (20–38) | 24 (19–32) | 0.03 |
| Blunt, n (%) | 97 (91.6) | 258 (72.1) | <0.01 |
| ISS, median (25th–75th IQR) | 29 (22–38) | 27 (21–34) | 0.06 |
| GCS, median (25th–75th IQR) | 10 (4–14) | 11 (3–15) | 0.55 |
| TBI, n (%) | 62 (58) | 208 (58) | 0.91 |
| Physiologic marker, median (25th–75th IQR) | |||
| SBP, mm Hg | 114 (90–142) | 128 (104–148) | 0.02 |
| Base deficit, meq/L | 8.4 (6.0–13.0) | 7.0 (4.0–10.6 | 0.26 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 4.1 (2.2–5.8) | 4.2 (2.7–6.9) | 0.21 |
| Hematology/coagulation assays, median (25th–75th IQR) | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 (11.0–13.4) | 13.8 (12.5–15.3) | <0.01 |
| Hematocrit, % | 38.2 (34.9–40.9) | 41.8 (38.0–45.0) | <0.01 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 264 (216–369) | 240 (191–301) | 0.01 |
| INR | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 0.96 |
| PTT, sec | 28.2 (25.2–34.4) | 28.4 (25.0–35.0) | 0.69 |
| TEG measurements, median (25th–75th IQR) | |||
| ACT, sec | 113 (99–128) | 113 (105–128) | 0.37 |
| Angle, degrees | 73.9 (67.1–77.3) | 71.1 (65.8–75.4) | 0.01 |
| MA, mm | 64.9 (59.0–69.6) | 61.5 (56.0–66.0) | 0.01 |
| LY30, % | 1.4 (0.2–2.5) | 1.4 (0.5–3.1) | 0.72 |
| Fibrinolytic phenotype, n (%) | |||
| Fibrinolytic shutdown, LY30 < 0.9% | 39 (37) | 132 (37) | 0.03 |
| Physiologic lysis, LY30 0.9–2.9% | 51 (48) | 132 (37) | |
| Hyperfibrinolysis, LY30 ≥ 3.0% | 16 (15) | 94 (26) | |
| Outcome | |||
| Mortality, n (%) | 35 (33.0) | 88 (24.6) | 0.10 |
| Transfusion (≥1U RBC) in 1st 24 h, n (%) | 30 (28.3) | 84 (23.5) | 0.31 |
| No. of U of RBC in first 6 h (among those transfused), median (25th–75th IQR) | 6 (3–12) | 6 (2–12) | 0.98 |
| Massive transfusion, n (%) | 14 (13.2) | 45 (12.6) | 0.87 |
| VTE, n (%) | 13 (12) | 29 (8) | 0.25 |
| CVA, n (%) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.57 |
| LOS, d, median (25th– 75th IQR) | 12 (6–20) | 10 (4–18) | 0.10 |
| VFD-28, d, median (25th–75th IQR) | 21 (0–26) | 23 (0–27) | 0.33 |
| ICUFD-28, d, median (25th–75th IQR) | 21 (6–25) | 22 (9–25) | 0.26 |
*
p Values from Mann-Whitney and chi-squared (2 outcomes for all categories except for fibrinolytic phenotype) as appropriate.
ISS, Injury Severity Score; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury; SBP, systolic blood pressure; INR, International Normalized Ratio; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; ACT, activated clotting time; MA, maximum amplitude; LY30, lysis 30 min after MA; RBC, red blood cell; VTE, venous thromboembolism; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; LOS, length of stay; VFD-28, ventilator free days at 28 d; ICUFD-28, intensive care unit free days at 28 d.