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. 2019 Mar 19;142(5):1215–1226. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz063

Table 2.

Fold change in transcripts per million in paired single patient samples (pain:no pain)

Patient 15 Patient 29 Patient 26 MAPK signalling TNF-α signalling TGF-β signalling TLR signalling OSM signalling AHR signalling SCI
Transcription factors and co-factors
JUN 2.62 1.24 1.83 - - -
FOS 2.60 2.00 10.40 - - -
NFKB2 2.00 1.06 0.92 - - - - -
RUNX2 2.75 1.22 1.93 - - - - - -
FOSB 13.55 13.53 283.90 - - - - - -
ATF3 7.58 1.99 1.76 - - - - - -
JUNB 3.39 1.38 4.90 - - - -
EGR1 6.28 2.47 10.19 - - - - -
KLF10 2.35 1.28 1.47 - - - - - -
NR4A1 3.21 1.01 1.76 - - - - -
HES1 2.41 1.17 1.36 - - - - - -
AHR 2.02 1.26 1.04 - - - - - -
BTG2 1.23 1.11 2.79 - - - - - -
RNA binding proteins
ZFP36 2.29 1.31 4.12 - - - - - -
Cytokine ligands
TNF 3.71 LE 19.66 - -
IL1B 8.72 LE 9.09 - - -
IL6 9.13 LE 4.68 - - - -
IL12A 3.01 1.40 1.31 - - - - -
CCL2 3.04 1.00 0.93 - - - - -
CCL3 12.52 3.45 75.40 - - - - - -
CCL4 23.60 1.60 3035.20 - - - - - -
CXCL2 1.92 LE 2.99 - - - - - -
OSM 10.39 LE 37.07 - - - - - -
TGFB1 2.13 1.09 1.81 - - -
TGFB3 4.77 1.35 1.81 - - - - -
GDNF 8.47 LE LE - - - - - -
Cytokine regulators
SOCS3 14.41 2.84 4.64 - - - - -
Neurotrophins
NGF 2.30 1.04 1.39 - - - - - -

Genes involved in important signalling pathways or spinal cord injury, and their fold-change in the three pairs of samples from the same patients with differing pain states show several key transcription factors and cytokines to be upregulated in the pain state. LE = low expression; SCI = spinal cord injury.

✓ = gene set membership.