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. 2019 Apr 28;25(16):1950–1963. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i16.1950

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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Longitudinal analysis of NK and T cell responses in representative individuals who transitioned from one phase to another. Patient-1, a patient who transitioned from the immune tolerant to immune active phase. Patient-3, a patient who experienced spontaneous HBeAg clearance. Patient-5, a patient in the clinical phase changed from inactive carrier to HBeAg-negative hepatitis phase. A: Dynamic fluctuations of clinical parameters from one phase to another, including alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen; B: Phenotypic and functional changes of natural killer cells in representative patients who transitioned from one phase to another; C: Changes of interferon-gamma production in global T cells, and core or S peptide pool-stimulated T cells. NK: Natural killer; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B envelope antigen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; HD: Healthy honors; IT: Immune tolerant; IA: Immune active; IC: Inactive carrier; ENEG: Hepatitis B envelope antigen-negative hepatitis.