Fugo 1958.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Numbered identical drug packages administered in rotation. Number meaningless to obstetrician. Blinded.
Participants	Women delivering in a hospital in Chicago, USA. No details given of inclusion/exclusion criteria, but description of study participants showed that half had labour over 8 hours, and 98% received some anaesthetic agent.
Interventions	All administered intravenously in 2 mL with anterior shoulder. (1) 2 IU oxytocin (natural oxytocin) n = 168. (2) 2 IU syntocinon (synthetic oxytocin) n = 156. (3) 4 mg ergonovine 149. (4) 80 mg U3772 (alpha, alpha diphenyl gamma dimethylamino N‐methyl valeramide‐HCl) n = 151. Blood lost when the placenta separated was collected in a basin containing 200 mL of 4% sodium oxalate solution as an anticoagulant and was measured in a graduated jug. Expectant management of the third stage with MRP at 10 minutes for teaching purposes. Comparison for review is groups 1 and 2 combined vs group 3.
Outcomes	Method of placental delivery (high % of manual removals for teaching purposes if haemorrhage or undelivered within 10 minutes); length of third stage (not significantly different between groups but data only given for those delivered spontaneously, i.e. within 10 minutes); blood loss with placenta; (1‐hour postpartum average blood loss 50.2 vs 40.8 mL; no SDs given).
Notes	Given the high number of manual placental removals for teaching purposes, the data from this trial were not used due to concern for methodologic bias and lack of clinical translatability of this trial as MRP this early in the third stage is not standard of care. Dates of study: during 1958 Funding sources: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation method not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Identical packages were used, identifiable only by number, which was meaningless to the obstetrician in charge of the case.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Identical packages were used, identifiable only by number, which was meaningless to the obstetrician in charge of the case.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No significant attrition.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear.